1. The West – Day 1 Explain why the United States created the American Indian Reservation system Explain why the United States created the American Indian Reservation system Identify the sources of conflict between the Plains Indians and the U.S. government. Identify the sources of conflict between the Plains Indians and the U.S. government. Discuss how the U.S. government tried to assimilate American Indians. Discuss how the U.S. government tried to assimilate American Indians.

2. Bell Work 1 What did the Spanish bring to America, easing the chore of Native American buffalo hunters? What did the Spanish bring to America, easing the chore of Native American buffalo hunters? Horses Horses Why do you think the U.S. instituted Indian Reservations? Why do you think the U.S. instituted Indian Reservations? “One of our hands holds the rifle and the other the peace pipe, and we blaze away with both instruments at the same time. The chief consequence is a great smoke– and there it ends”. “One of our hands holds the rifle and the other the peace pipe, and we blaze away with both instruments at the same time. The chief consequence is a great smoke– and there it ends”. Army and Navy Journal Army and Navy Journal Time Table Bell Work – 10 min. Bell Work – 10 min. Lecture Notes – 25 min. Lecture Notes – 25 min. 500 Nations (D4 14:30) – 10 min. 500 Nations (D4 14:30) – 10 min. Quiz Friday! Quiz Friday!

3. War in the West – Conflict With Native Americans Indian Country  Some native tribes were nomadic hunters while others established more permanent settlements.  Most did not believe in nor always understand land ownership.  As non-Indians moved west, government officials tried to acquire additional native land.  The Bureau of Indian affairs (BIA) supported Indian reservations that would force natives to be farmers and abandon many traditional lifestyles.  In return for moving to reservations, Indians were guaranteed money, supplies and that the land would be theirs permanently.  The governments often did not honor its treaties.

4.  Plains Indians such as some Arapaho, Cheyenne, Comanche, and Sioux refused to live on reservations.  The livelihood of these tribes culture relied on following buffalo herds.  Some 20,000 U.S. troops were assigned to confine the tribes to reservations.  Struggling to fulfill their duties, soldier/Indian conflict occasionally erupted. In a meeting with some Indians in 1867, a U.S. Senator told them that the buffalo would soon be gone, so “the Indian must change the road his father trod.”

5. Violent Encounters Sand Creek  Some 700 U.S. soldiers, led by Colonel John M. Chivington, approached a Cheyenne camp that had raised the U.S. flag in a sign of peace.  The troops opened fire, killing about 200 mostly women and children in the Sand Creek Massacre.  Most of the men were away hunting.

6. Little Bighorn  In 1874, the government violated the terms of it’s 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie by sending an army to the Black Hills to search for gold.  Gold was discovered and the government attempted a new treaty with the Sioux, they refused.  Sitting Bull emerged as an important leader of Sioux resistance

7.  After inspiring Natives at the Battle of Rosebud, Sitting Bull and others gathered at Little Bighorn River.  An excited Colonel George Custer ordered an immediate attack after the 600 men of his cavalry had ridden all night.  The attack did not end well for Custer he and the vast majority of his outnumbered soldiers lay dead on the battlefield.  The shock of Custer’s defeat prompted the Army to increase it’s efforts.

8. Wounded Knee  In pursuit of Big Foot a Sioux leader, the 7 th Calvary happened upon him and about 350 of his followers at Wounded Knee Creek.  While collecting guns, a shooting broke out leading to the death of 150 Sioux and about 30 U.S. soldiers.

9. American Indian Responses to White Treatment - Chief Joseph Geronimo Sarah Winnemucca agreed to move his tribe to a reservation; fled from the U.S. Army; eventually surrendered fled a reservation with his tribe; raided settlements; eventually surrendered Called attention to problems; made speeches; participated in political activities

10. Assimilating American Indians  To speed up the process of turning Indians into “white America”, the government set up American Indian Schools.  Students were forced to speak English, wear proper clothes and change their names.  The Dawes Act was an attempt to force Indians into farming and unused land would be sold off.  A military campaign was waged against the Navajo in an attempt to make them permanent farmers as opposed to sheep farmers, this wiped out much of the tribe. Before: After: