1. A SEMINAR TOPIC ON LANDMINE DETECTION USING IMPULSE GROUND PENETRATING RADAR A SEMINAR TOPIC ON LANDMINE DETECTION USING IMPULSE GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

2. Contents > Introduction > Block diagram > Implementation > Applications > Advantages > Limitations > Future scope > Conclusion

3. Introduction > Around every 22 minutes one person some where in the world is killed or injured by a land mine. > Nearly 50 million unexploded land mines in 60 countries around the world. > Large portions of land go unused due to fear of mines. > Modern mines can be constructed with plastics and composites.

4. Land mine

5. These are the Physical characteristics of Land Mine

6. Technology used to Detect the land mines: > Metal detectors > Nuclear magnetic resonance > Thermal imaging and electro optical sensors > Biological sensors > Chemical sensors

7. METHODS OF TECHNOLOGY Biological sensor Metal detectors

8. Block Diagram

9. Hardware description > Impulse generator(GPR) > Antenna system > Pulse extender > A/D converter > Processor > Visual display

10. Ground Penetrating Radar: > The impulse GPR system has been developed in the International Research Centre for Telecommunications Transmission and Radar(IRCTR). > This ultra wide band radar provide centimetere resolution to locate even small targets. > Two distinct types of GPR Time domain, Frequency domain. > Time domain or Impulse GPR transmits discrete pulses of nano sec duration and digitize the return at GHZ sample rate. > Frequency domain GPR system transmit single frequency & amplitude &phase of the return signal is measured. Ground Penetrating Radar: > The impulse GPR system has been developed in the International Research Centre for Telecommunications Transmission and Radar(IRCTR). > This ultra wide band radar provide centimetere resolution to locate even small targets. > Two distinct types of GPR Time domain, Frequency domain. > Time domain or Impulse GPR transmits discrete pulses of nano sec duration and digitize the return at GHZ sample rate. > Frequency domain GPR system transmit single frequency & amplitude &phase of the return signal is measured.

11. Antenna System: > The GPR system performance strongly depends on the antenna system. > The antenna system consist of transmitter and receiver > The transmit antenna should : > Radiate Ultra-Wideband > Radiate Electro-magnetic energy

12. Pulse extender: > It will amplify the ground reflection signal upto the maximum level acquired A/D converter. > It amplify the samples of digital signals which are converted from analog signal.

13. A/D Converter: > The transmitter sends out a series of EM pulses then listens with the receiver connected to high speed samples which in-turn feeds to A/D converter. > This information is converted from nano sec to milli sec. > It provides 12 bit accuracy and 66dB linear dynamic range.

14. Processor: > The processor filters the signals > This signals shows presence or absence of surrogate mine in the soil. > Processor selects the mine detecting signal and passes to the visual display. Processor: > The processor filters the signals > This signals shows presence or absence of surrogate mine in the soil. > Processor selects the mine detecting signal and passes to the visual display.

15. Visual display: > It helps to see the range of targets. > It displays the position of land mine.

16. Implementation: > The impulse generator produces 0.8ns monocycle pul se. > The generator spectrum covers a wide frequency band from 500MHZ on 3dB level. > After striking the mine, pulses return and are received by the receiver antenna. [Cont..]

17. Applications GPR has many applications in number of fields: > In case of Earth science it is used to study bedrocks,soils, ground water and ice. > Engineering applications include non-destructive testing of structures and pavements, locating buried structures and studying of soils. > GPR is used to define landfills contaminant plums and other remediation sites. > Military uses include detection of mines,unexploded ordnance and tunnels.

18. Advantages: > GPR has accurate measurements. > GPR locates even a small targets. > It has been well founded by the defense. > GPR operates by detecting the dielectric soils when allows it to locate even no metallic mines. > GPR has been tested in different environmental conditions.

19. Limitations: > GPR is more power hungry > Thus false alarms are easily generated from the background itself. > The sensors such as GPR are larger and heavier.

20. Future scope: > Army mine fields is to measure detection probabilities under realistic conditions. > Plans to speed up the scan rate with advanced arrays are under the way.

21. Development Platform Technological based development for land mine detection tends to be a vehicular based system this vehicular based system is shown

22. Conclusion Impulse GPR system is used for detecting anti-tank and antipersonnel mines. Through iterative design, build test cycles, and scored testing at Army mine lanes, steady progress is being made.

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