1. Armando Quintero

2. TEXT STRUCTURES

3. Organizational Structure Cause/Effect Chronological/Order/Sequence Compare/contrast Description/List Problem/Solution

4. Cause/Effect

5. Description The writer analyzes then explains the causal relationship between things The reader is told the result of an event or occurrence and the reasons the reasons it happened.

6. Signal words Consequently, therefore as a result, thereby leads to, because, this lead to, since, may be due to

7. Graphic Organizers Cycle Fishbone map Webbing

8. Chronological/Order/Sequence

9. Description The writer presents ideas, series of events, or a process in the order in which they occurred Example: A book about the American revolution might list the event leading to the war. In another book, steps involved in harvesting blue might be told.

10. Signal words Next, first, last, second, another, then, after, additionally, initially, before, not long after when

11. Graphic Organizers Chain of Events Sequence chain Series of Events Chain

12. Compare/Contrast

13. Description The writer presents differences and similarities of two or more objects, places events or ideas by grouping their traits for comparison Example: A book about ancient Greece may explain how the Spartan woman

14. Signal words However, unlike, like, by, contrast, yet, in comparison,although, on the other hand, instead of, unless, not only-but, different from, similar to

15. Graphic Organizers Compare/Contrast Matrix Venn Diagram

16. Description/List

17. Description The writer presents information in a structure that resembles an outline. Each section opens with its main idea, then elaborates on it, sometimes dividing the elaboration onto subsections. Example: a book may tell all about whales or describe what the geography is like in a particular region.

18. Signal words consequently, therefore as a result, thereby, leads to, for instance, for example, furthermore, in addition, to, such as, also,in fact

19. Graphic organizers Clustering Sematic web Sketch Spider map

20. Problem/Solution

21. Description The writer presents a problem then expounds upon possible solutions for that problem

22. Signal Words The question is, one answer is, one reason for, recommendations include

23. Graphic Organizers Problem/Solution Outline