1. COLD WAR THAWS The end of the Cold War…

2. Soviet begins to fall apart The Soviets relied very heavily on their satellite countries for economic opportunities Satellite countries started to resist Soviet economy began to weaken Stalin dies in 1953 and Khrushchev came to power Destalinization Russia had a series of leaders, at times making Russia unstable

3. Nationalism in Warsaw countries grows Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Albania and Eastern Germany Tightly controlled by the Soviet Union Unable to develop their own economies Eastern European economic recovery was slow These countries were sick of being controlled by the soviet union – Lots of revolutions

5. Brinkmanship breaks down The 1970s the US and Soviets begin to cool down Vietnam was becoming very unpopular The US and Soviets agreed to reduce the tensions – Détente- a policy of lessening cold war tensions President Nixon greatly reduced the tension Visited China – Deng Xiaoping Visited Russia

6. U.S.S.R Opens Up In the 1980 Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in Russia. He is the last president of the Soviet Union – Was committed to opening up Russia to new ideas Opened up the economy – Glasnost- The policy of being open and transparent in all government activities – Perestroika- restructuring or reorganizing the economy 1987- Gorbachev began democratization 1987- Gorbachev and Reagan signed the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces and SALT agreements – Reducing the amount of nuclear weapons Gorbachev also allowed Eastern European countries to open up

7. Mikhail Gorbachev

8. Fall of the Berlin Wall Eastern German officials refused the new democratic changes that were taking place By October 1989 huge demonstrations took place, demanding the wall be opened The wall was opened to appease the massive demonstrators Germany was united on October 3, 1990

12. U.S.S.R Falls Apart Ethnic tensions in the Soviet Union were high Many people did not feel Gorbachev dealt with the problem adequately In June 1991, Russia had a free election and Boris Yeltsin became the first elected president Communists refused to let communism fall and refused to give up control of the soviet satellites and organized a coup – They failed By early December 1991, all 15 soviet republics declared independence

13. Boris Yeltsin

15. NATO expands Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary joined in 1999. 2004- Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.

16. What was Great Britain Doing during the Cold War Margaret Thatcher British Prime Minister Free trade and less government regulation of business Close relationship with United States and U.S. foreign policy Asserted United Kingdom’s military power

17. What was India doing during the Cold War Indira Gandhi Closer relationship between India and the Soviet Union during the Cold War Developed nuclear program