1. Genetics The Study of Inheritance

2. Gregor Mendel The Father of Modern Genetics http://www.nndb.com/people/015/000083763/mendel-1-sized.jpghttp://early-cold-war-events.wikispaces.com/file/view/czechMap.gif/109305511/czechMap.gif

3. Mendel’s Peas http://cienciaes.com/images/695.jpg http://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/anatomy/pea_traits2.jpg

4. http://img1.mnimgs.com/img/lp/1/10/10/153/375/899/190/21.05.08-shivangi-biology-10.2.9.1.2_SG_html_mdb3db29.png

5. Phenotype  Appearance of a Trait http://www.wwnorton.com/college/anthro/our-origins2/img/AskClarkFAQs/Figure-2.17.jpg

6. http://img1.mnimgs.com/img/lp/1/10/10/153/375/899/190/21.05.08-shivangi-biology-10.2.9.1.2_SG_html_mdb3db29.png

7. Genotype  The genes an organism has:  Dominant – masks the presence of a recessive allele (T)  Recessive – remains hidden by a dominant allele, but can be passed on to offspring (t) http://www.wwnorton.com/college/anthro/our-origins2/img/AskClarkFAQs/Figure-2.17.jpg

8. http://img1.mnimgs.com/img/lp/1/10/10/153/375/899/190/21.05.08-shivangi-biology-10.2.9.1.2_SG_html_mdb3db29.png

9. Mendel’s Law of Segregation http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_07_img0360.jpg

10. Mendel’s Law of Dominance http://scientopia.org/blogs/guestblog/files/2012/07/10-04.gif Dominant traits are not always the most common trait! Dominant Recessive

11. Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment Traits are inherited independently

12. Punnet Squares http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/images/en_gene_c4c.jpg

13. Punnet Squares

14. Probability  The likelihood an “event” will occur  0 <= P() <= 1  P() = 0 means impossible  P() = 1 means certain # of ways event can occur P(event) = # of all possible outcomes P(event) =

15. Example1  What is the probability of rolling higher than a 3 on a 6-sided die? http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRZD2Qski6iswYMw6Yxuwq5fLrjB9ER2aUmRq60iP1n2NLFURWM:www.alessablog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/red-dice-icon.jpg P(4+) = # of sides with 4+ Total # of sides = 3 6 = 1 2

16. Example 2  What is the probability of rolling a 7 on two 6-sided dice (adding them up)? P(4+) = # of ways to make 7 Total # of rolls = 6 36 = 1 6 = 6 x 6 # of ways to make 7 Total # of rolls : 1+6, 6+1, 2+5, 5+2, 3+4, 4+3 http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRNY1U30_WloJPVIg7wjtKy5gVIZKgG5Xpqm_33ZfFOiaSTP1TC:tutorial9.s3.amazonaws.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/12/final-dice1.png

17. Genetics Practice Problem  Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants. If a heterozygous purple-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, what % of the offspring will have white flowers? See next slide for solution…

18. Solution:  ANSWER: 50% white P p p p Heterozygous Purple x white Pp x pp Pppp Pp P(white) = # of pp offspring Total # of offspring = 2 4 = 1 2 = 50% 2 results are pp