1. Analyze the figures above; what is your initial reaction to these statistics?

2. Crime A type of deviant behavior that violates specific criminal laws Property Crimes – Robbery, vandalism…; most frequent type of crime Property Crimes – Robbery, vandalism…; most frequent type of crime Victimless Crimes – gambling, illegal drug use, prostitution… Victimless Crimes – gambling, illegal drug use, prostitution… Hate Crimes – motivated by various forms of bias Hate Crimes – motivated by various forms of bias Elite Crimes – embezzlement, insider trading; the least investigated and prosecuted Elite Crimes – embezzlement, insider trading; the least investigated and prosecuted Index Crimes: Index Crimes: Violent crimes; murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery... Elite Crimes: “White Collar Crimes;” embezzlement, insider trading

3. Measuring Crime Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) Crime Victimization Surveys Drawbacks: 1.Both subject to underreporting 2.Reported by agencies that have a high interest in reporting higher crime

4. Crime and Organization Organized Crime – committed by organized groups (mafia, gangs) typically involving the provision of illegal goods and services (selling drugs, firearms, racketeering, extortion) Organized Crime – committed by organized groups (mafia, gangs) typically involving the provision of illegal goods and services (selling drugs, firearms, racketeering, extortion) State Organized Crime – Committed by state and government officials in the pursuit of their jobs as representatives of government State Organized Crime – Committed by state and government officials in the pursuit of their jobs as representatives of government Organizational Crime – Wrongdoing that occurs within the context of a formal organization or bureaucracy (stock manipulation, cheating taxes, church sex scandals…) Organizational Crime – Wrongdoing that occurs within the context of a formal organization or bureaucracy (stock manipulation, cheating taxes, church sex scandals…)

5. Theoretical Perspectives and Crime Functionalist – believe that crime clarifies and defines society’s norms, thus increasing the cohesion of society; crime is necessary to hold society together Functionalist – believe that crime clarifies and defines society’s norms, thus increasing the cohesion of society; crime is necessary to hold society together Conflict Theory – disadvantaged groups are more likely become criminals than those who are privileged Conflict Theory – disadvantaged groups are more likely become criminals than those who are privileged Symbolic Interaction Theory – Being labeled a criminal or ex-criminal can increase the probability that a person will engage in criminal behavior Symbolic Interaction Theory – Being labeled a criminal or ex-criminal can increase the probability that a person will engage in criminal behavior

7. Social Categories and Crime Class Race Gender Age What is the likelihood of each group above committing or being accused of a crime? What types of crimes is each group most commonly associated with? Why?

9. Lifetime prevalence of incarceration

14. Criminal Justice System Racial Profiling - The use of race alone as the criterion for deciding whether to stop and detain someone; DWB – Driving While Black Policing Minorities tend to be more distrustful of law enforcement than whites; more likely to be victims of police brutality Sentencing: Minorities typically pay higher bail, have less success in plea bargaining, found guilty more often, receive longer sentences than whites for the same crimes, less likely to be released on probation, more likely to receive the death penalty than whites

15. Prisons: Deterrence or Rehabilitation?