1. POD: Name these alkanes Draw the following molecules:5-propyl-3-methyloctane; 3,3,5-trimethylheptane; 3,3-diethylpentane 4-ethyl-3- methylheptane 3,3- dimethylpentane 3-ethylhexane

2. 5-propyl-3-methyloctane 3,3,5-trimethylheptane 3,3-diethylpentane

3. Topic 10: Organic Chemistry

4. SWBAT: Identify different classes of organic compounds Identify different functional groups in molecules Agenda Unsaturated hydrocarbons Functional Groups

5. Saturated & Unsaturated hydrocarbons In a saturated compound all the carbon- carbon bonds are single bonds Unsaturated compounds contain double and/or triple C-C bonds Naming conventions remain the same, except double bonds have –ene suffix, triple bonds have –yne suffix Also double & triple bonds take precedence, meaning they will get the lower # in the name

6. Saturated & Unsaturated hydrocarbons 4-methylpent-2-ene Or 4-methyl-2-pentene 3-ethyl-hex-1-yne Or 3-ethyl-1-hexyne

7. Name the following unsaturated hydrocarbons: Draw the following molecules: 2-ethyl-2-pentene; 4-methyl-2-heptene; 5,6-dimethyl-2-octyne 3-hexene or hex-3-ene 1-propyne or prop-1-yne 5-ethyl-2-methyl-3-heptyne or 5-ethyl-2-methylhept-3-yne

8. Name the following unsaturated hydrocarbons: 2-ethyl-2-pentene 4-methyl-2-heptene 5,6-dimethyl-2-octyne

9. Functional groups Functional groups are specific groups of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules When naming compounds that contain a functional group, the position of the group is identified by giving the # of the carbon atom to which it is attached (just like before) Functional groups take priority over substituents and C-C multiple bonds

10. Functional groups – aromatics (or arenes) Benzene (C 6 H 6 ) is one of the most famous organic molecules Unusually stable nature, once formed very difficult to break in chemical reactions Back in the day chemists noted these compounds had odors (unlike pure saturated hydrocarbons), however today this class of compounds is not necessarily classified by having an odor Benzene is extremely carcinogenic, was used in many beauty and industrial products until the 1950’s

11. Functional groups – aromatics (or arenes) (mothballs)

12. Functional groups – halogoalkanes (aka haloalkanes or halocarbons) Hydrocarbons that have 1 or more halogens Used as flame retardants, fire extinguishers, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, & pharmaceuticals Many halocarbons are pollutants & toxins (CFC’s damaged our ozone) CFC’s & other ozone depleting agents completely phased out by 1994 (Montreal Protocol)

13. Functional groups – halogoalkanes (aka haloalkanes or halocarbons) 2-bromo-2-pentene 2-chloro-2-pentyne 4,5-difluoro-2-hexene 1,2,3,4-tetraiodo-1-cyclohexene 2,4-dibromo-4,5-dichloro-1,3,5- octriene

14. Functional groups – aldehydes Many fragrances & essential oils are aldehydes These contribute to very favorable odors such as cinnamon, cilantro, and vanilla

15. Functional groups – ketones Widely used in industry & biology as solvents, polymer precursors, and pharmaceuticals

16. Functional groups – carboxylic acids Occur widely and include amino acids and acetic acid (vinegar) Very pervasive in nature, fatty acids are the main component of lipids Used in production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, solvents, and food additives

17. Functional groups – esters Comprise most naturally occurring fats and oils Low molecular weight esters are also used in fragrances and essential oils, also found in pheromones(responsible for the aroma of many fruits) Phosphoesters for the backbone of DNA Nitrate esters are known for their explosive properties (nitrogylcerin) Polyesters are important plastics

18. Functional groups – esters

19. Functional groups – ethers Common in organic chemistry and biochemistry because they are linkages in carbohydrates and lignin Used as an early anesthetic

20. Functional groups – amines Used in amino acids, dyes, pharmaceuticals, gas treatment to eliminate toxic gases in industry

21. Functional groups – amides Pervasive in nature and technology as structural materials Amide linkages easily formed, confers structural integrity, and resists hydrolysis Nylons, Kevlar, proteins, pharmaceuticals

22. Functional groups – alcohols Alcoholic beverages, antifreeze, antiseptic, fuels, preservatives, solvents

23. Naming with functional groups 2,3-dibromopentane 2,3-dibromo-4-methylpentane Diethyl ether

24. Naming with functional groups