1. Plants

3. Eukaryotes Multicellular Autotrophic Cells are surrounded by a cell wall – cellulose Contain chlorophyll Producers in the ecosystem

4. Characteristics of plants Photosynthesis – Plants make food (glucose) and oxygen by utilizing carbon dioxide and water. Energy for this process is obtained from sunlight

5. Characteristics of plants Cuticle – Waxy layer that coats the surfaces – Prevents loss of water – Vary in thickness – Depend on climate and environment

6. Characteristics of plants Cell wall – Outermost layer of the cell – Made up of cellulose – Supports and protect the cell

7. Characteristics of plants Cell wall

8. Characteristics of plants Reproduction – Sporophyte – produce spores – Gametophyte – produce gametes

9. Characteristics of plants Transport of materials – Xylem – a tissue that transports water – Phloem – a tissue that transports food – Collectively called as vascular tissues – Some plants lack vascular tissue

10. Classification of plants Non-vascular plants – Lack vascular tissue – Small in size – Movement through diffusion – E.g. mosses, liverworts, hornworts

11. Classification of plants Vascular plants – Contain vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) – Relatively larger in size – May be seedless plants or seed plants – i) seedless plants – do not produce seeds e.g. ferns, horsetails – ii) seed plants – produce seeds, divided into two groups Non-flowering plants (Gymnosperms) seeds not inside fruit e.g. pine Flowering plants (Angiosperms) seeds inside the fruits e.g. mango

12. Classification of plants

13. Seedless plants Non-vascular – Moses, liverworts – Small plants - Leafy stalks and rhizoids

14. Seedless plants Non-vascular – Importance – Colonization – Decomposition and fertility – Prevent erosion – Sphagnum moss Increase water holding capacity of soil Prevent microbial growth (wound dressing, seed shipment) Dried (insulating material) Monitoring environment

15. Seedless plants Vascular plants – Ferns

16. Seedless plants Vascular plants – Importance – Soil formation, prevent erosion – Contribution to fossil fuels – Fiddlehead fern

17. Seed Plants Characteristics – Produce seeds – Gametophytes are small – Pollens and pollination

18. Seed Plants Seeds – Young plant, seed coat, stored food

19. Seed Plants Seeds how animals help seeds grow?

20. Seed Plants Gymnosperms – Don’t have flowers or fruits – Conifers, ginkgoes etc. – Used for wood – Produce resin – Drugs

21. Seed Plants Gymnos perms

22. Seed Plants Gymnosperms – life cycle

23. Seed Plants Angiosperms – Produce flowers and fruits – Monocots and dicots

24. Seed Plants Angiosperms – Food, fruits, crops – Wood – Habitat – Seeds and oils – Ornamental – Medicine and pharmaceutical products – Rubber, cotton, fabric, industrial products