1. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Diversity Amid Globalization 6th Edition Chapter 8 Lecture Europe Sandra Zupan University of Kentucky

2. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Describe, in general terms, the topography, climate, and hydrology of Europe. Identify the major environmental issues in Europe, as well as the pathways taken to resolve those problems. Provide examples of countries with different rates of natural growth. Describe the patterns of internal migration within Europe, as well as the geography of foreign migration to the region. Learning Objectives

3. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Describe the major languages and religions of Europe. Summarize how the map of European states has changed in the last 100 years. Explain how Europe was divided during the Cold War and how it has changed since the Cold War’s end in 1990. Describe Europe’s economic and political integration as driven by the European Union (EU). Identify the major characteristics of Europe’s current economic and social crisis. Learning Objectives (Continued)

4. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Cold War European Union Fjords Aging population Schengen Agreement Roma People “Fortress Europe” Medieval landscape Renaissance– Baroque period Cyrillic alphabet Irredentism Iron Curtain Buffer zone NATO Balkanization Industrial Revolution Centralized economic planning Eurozone Fiscal austerity Key Concepts

5. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 42 countries –Large states (e.g., Germany) –Microstates (e.g., Andorra) Relatively small, densely settled region Shared history amidst cultural diversity Cold War and divided continent Setting the Boundaries

6. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. North America EU Controversy

7. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Extraordinary environmental diversity due to –Complex geology –Latitudinal extent –Moderating influences of water bodies –Long history of human settlement Physical Geography

8. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. European lowland Alpine mountain system Central Uplands Western Highlands Landform Regions Normandy in France Fjord in Norway

10. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Dominant climates: Maritime Continental Mediterranean

11. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Extensive navigable networks –Ring of interconnected water bodies –System of rivers, locks, and canals –Major ports Seas, Rivers, and Ports Danube Traffic

12. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Environmental Issues Trans-boundary problems –Acid rain –Water pollution Eastern Europe –Short-term policies –EU funding

13. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Impact –Melting glaciers/ice –Heat waves –Droughts –Rising sea levels Response –Kyoto Protocol –EU Emission Trading Scheme Climate Change Protecting Low Country

14. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Solar Panels Renewable Energy Efforts Wind Power

15. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Slow growth Complicated and problematic migration patterns Very high level of urbanization –Industrial core area Population and Settlement

16. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Low (or No) Natural Growth

17. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Pro-Growth Policies Concerns about aging population –Labor shortages –Smaller internal markets –Declining tax revenues –Social services Measures –Bans on abortion and the sale of contraceptives –Pro-growth policies (e.g., paid leave for both parents, cash subsidies, extensive child care)

18. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Within Europe –Economic reasons –Refugees To Europe –Legal and illegal –Former colonies Migration

19. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Schengen Agreement Schengen Border Roma Mobility and Discrimination

20. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. International Migration and “Fortress Europe” Postwar rebuilding and recovery –Migrant workers eased labor shortages –Europe’s periphery and former colonies Economic slowdown –Hard outside borders: “Fortress Europe” –Leaky borders

21. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Medieval landscape Renaissance– Baroque period Industrialization Landscapes of Urban Europe Stages of Historic Growth

22. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Urban Historic Preservation Salzburg, Austria

23. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Postwar Restoration Conflict over Space

24. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Mosaic of regional identities Leading roles in colonialism and globalization Global culture changes Cultural Coherence and Diversity Global Culture in Belgrade

25. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Languages Cyrillic Alphabet Indo-European Languages

26. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Religions of Europe

27. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Expanding diversity Struggles Contemporary Religious Landscapes Jewish Synagogue Berlin Mosque

28. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Migrants –Ghettos –Cultural battles Sports Gender equity –Complex geographic and cultural patterns European Culture in a Global Context Women in the Business World

29. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Geopolitical Framework Irredentism Integration Micro- and ethnic nationalism

30. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Geopolitical Change of 20th-Century Europe

31. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Cold War Geography Iron Curtain 1945–1990 –Political and economic divide Iron Curtain Buffer zone NATO

32. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The East-West Division The Cold War Thaw and Unification The End of the Wall in 1989

33. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Ethnic diversity Balkanization The Balkans Peacekeepers

34. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Economic and Social Development Western Europe: Unprecedented Levels of Development Eastern Europe: Transition and Regional Differences

35. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Industrial Regions Hearth Area in England

36. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Economic and Political Integration since the 1950s The Evolution of the EU

37. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Historically less developed Centralized economic planning Economic and social transition Disintegration and Transition in Eastern Europe Western Hypermarkets

38. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Economic disparities Unemployment Development Issues

39. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Promise and Problems of the Eurozone Eurozone –Common currency –Reservations remain Economic crisis and protest –Bailouts –Fiscal austerity