1. CLN4U: Unit 4 THE IMPORTANCE OF TREATIES

2.  Extradition is the act of returning a person to a jurisdiction in which he or she is charged with a crime for trial in that jurisdiction EXTRADITION

3.  Pillar of international relations  1269 BCE- Hattusilis III King of the Hittites and Ramses II, Egyptian Pharaoh- lasting peace, territorial integrity, non- aggression, extradition, and eternal friendship (aww…)  Treaty, convention, protocol, agreement, memorandum, accord  Relations between bordering nations are often governed by treaties- Canada- US relations  Bilateral (two party) and multilateral (multiple party) TREATIES

4.  1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties  1986 Convention on the Law of Treaties…  A treaty must follow a specific pattern: negotiation, signing, ratification and implementation  Treaties must be negotiated in good faith- invalid treaties: procured by threat or use of force in violation of the principles of international law…so what would you say about the Treaty of Versailles?  Can there be legal peace treaties when one party state has militarily defeated another? BASIC TREATY-LAW PRINCIPLES

5.  Once the language of the treaty has been negotiated, the negotiators will then sign it.  This is a formal process and must be then brought back to the nation’s government where it must be ratified  Canada: ratification can be done by the Cabinet- however there has become a new policy of reviewing treaties with the whole House of Commons  Once ratification is finished the nation must implement it. New legislation may have to be created or a simple acceptance of the head of state  Problems occur however when dealing with provincial and territorial interests (Kyoto) BASIC TREATY-LAW PRINCIPLES

6.  1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic relations  Emissaries, ambassadors, and representatives  Embassies  Diplomatic Immunity: “person of a diplomatic agent shall be inviolable”- what does this mean?  Foreign embassies are not foreign land- it’s a myth  There can be no entry into the embassy by nationals of the host state without authorization from the sending state  Page 487 US Diplomatic Hostages in Iran DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

7.  A national from a given country seeks protection within the embassy of another country  This can obviously strain relations between host and occupier  2002 North Koreans entered Canadian compound in China- seeking transfer to South Korea…uhoh  Robert Snowden  Julian Assange  What about Canada? http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s- snubbing-of-asylum-seekers-spurs-human-smuggling-harvard-study- 1.1560786http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s- snubbing-of-asylum-seekers-spurs-human-smuggling-harvard-study- 1.1560786  http://zeenews.india.com/slideshow/famous-cases-of-asylum- seekers_109.html/ http://zeenews.india.com/slideshow/famous-cases-of-asylum- seekers_109.html/ DIPLOMATIC ASYLUM

8.  Relations between states are managed by a number of officials other than those formally designed as diplomats  Consular duties- protecting nationals of the sending state in the territory of the receiving state  Access to prisoners is a major issue for people with consular duties  William Sampson 2001 CONSULAR RELATIONS