1. This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Origins of Western Society Chapter 3 1

2. 2Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Stone Age to Agricultural Age Age of Agriculture Age of Agriculture Began about 11,000 years ago Began about 11,000 years ago Humans previously were roving hunters Humans previously were roving hunters

3. Domestication of Animals and Control of Land Age of Agriculture marked by: Age of Agriculture marked by: Cultivation of land Cultivation of land Domestication of animals Domestication of animals Creation of communities Creation of communities Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 3

4. 4 Importance of Communities Settle in one place Settle in one place Accumulate and pass on possessions Accumulate and pass on possessions Permanent food supply allows time for other endeavors Permanent food supply allows time for other endeavors Pottery making Pottery making Development of cloth and clothing Development of cloth and clothing Permanent shelters, then villages Permanent shelters, then villages Population growth results Population growth results Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

5. 5 Early Civilizations: Mesopotamia and Egypt About 4000 B.C., larger civilizations developed in Middle East About 4000 B.C., larger civilizations developed in Middle East Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) Egypt Egypt About 3000 B.C., writing developed About 3000 B.C., writing developed Allowed recording of human history Allowed recording of human history Cities likely developed here due to improved cultivation and sanitation Cities likely developed here due to improved cultivation and sanitation Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

6. 6 Some Milestones of Civilization Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

7. 7 Development of Cities Political institutions emerge: protection and leadership in exchange for goods (small villages) Political institutions emerge: protection and leadership in exchange for goods (small villages) Disputes/surpluses lead to establishment of kingdoms (coalition of villages) Disputes/surpluses lead to establishment of kingdoms (coalition of villages) As kingdoms increase in size, so does power/divinity of leaders As kingdoms increase in size, so does power/divinity of leaders King-god figures emerge King-god figures emerge Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

8. 8 Mesopotamian Society Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reservedKing-god Military aristocracy Priesthood Landless peasants Slaves

9. 9 Stable Civilizations Emerge Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Code of Hammurabi Code of Hammurabi Egypt Egypt Greece Greece Roots of modern Western civilization Roots of modern Western civilization Polis (political community,) Sparta and Athens Polis (political community,) Sparta and Athens Persian Empire and Macedonia Persian Empire and Macedonia Alexander the Great Alexander the Great Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

10. Greek Civilization Heyday from about 2000 B.C. to about 1200 B.C. Heyday from about 2000 B.C. to about 1200 B.C. From about 700 B.C. to 500 B.C. a new Greek civilization emerged From about 700 B.C. to 500 B.C. a new Greek civilization emerged Polis: political community Polis: political community Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 10

11. 11 Roman Civilization City-state of Rome (modern Italy) City-state of Rome (modern Italy) Caesar (king) elected Caesar (king) elected Senate provides ruling authority Senate provides ruling authority Patricians and plebeians Patricians and plebeians Roman Empire emerges (4 th century B.C.) Roman Empire emerges (4 th century B.C.) Christianity becomes state religion Christianity becomes state religion Rules for centuries Rules for centuries Overtakes, incorporates Greek civilization Overtakes, incorporates Greek civilization Shapes modern Western civilization Shapes modern Western civilization Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

12. 12 Roman Influence on Modern Western Civilization Personal Dominance of family Authority of women in household matters Women’s property rights Networking Ingenuity in solving technical problems Calendar system Government Efficient, flexible and humane government Military-industrial complex Political patronage Reliance on engineering Concept of empire Lure of city life Flexible legal system Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

13. 13 Civilization in the Middle Ages Wandering tribes defeat Romans ( A.D. 476) Wandering tribes defeat Romans ( A.D. 476) Roman culture spreads north into Europe Roman culture spreads north into Europe Muslim culture spreads into North Africa, Spain and Portugal (Moors) Muslim culture spreads into North Africa, Spain and Portugal (Moors) European isolation European isolation Reliance on agriculture Reliance on agriculture Feudal estates ruled by lords Feudal estates ruled by lords Christianity flourishes (church gains in power) Christianity flourishes (church gains in power) Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

14. 14 Governments Begin to Emerge France, Germany impose strong central governments on Europe (10 th century) France, Germany impose strong central governments on Europe (10 th century) Administrative systems emerge Administrative systems emerge Feudal system declines Feudal system declines Towns grow; surplus and trade increases Towns grow; surplus and trade increases Religion and commerce increase in power Religion and commerce increase in power Crusades Crusades Interaction with Arab culture Interaction with Arab culture Merchant class grows Merchant class grows Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

15. 15 Challenges During the Middle Ages Hundred Years’ War (English vs. French) Hundred Years’ War (English vs. French) Black Death (bubonic plague) Black Death (bubonic plague) Kills 40% of European population Kills 40% of European population Social and economic consequences Social and economic consequences Authority of Roman Church questioned Authority of Roman Church questioned Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

16. 16 Renaissance Rebirth (ancient Greek and Roman ideals) Rebirth (ancient Greek and Roman ideals) Renewed emphasis on reason, critical thinking and the arts Renewed emphasis on reason, critical thinking and the arts Protestant Reformation (1517) Protestant Reformation (1517) Martin Luther Martin Luther Challenged pope’s authority, corruption Challenged pope’s authority, corruption Religion with stronger role for individuals Religion with stronger role for individuals Growth of European states Growth of European states Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

17. 17 Post Renaissance Central economies shift to mercantilism Central economies shift to mercantilism Nation-states emerge Nation-states emerge Voyages of discovery Voyages of discovery Trade routes expand Trade routes expand War (between and within nations) War (between and within nations) Age of Revolutions (1750s to 1850s) Age of Revolutions (1750s to 1850s) Political changes Political changes Economic changes Economic changes Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

18. 18 Age of Revolutions Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Begins in England, spreads rapidly Begins in England, spreads rapidly Increases outputs, power of merchants Increases outputs, power of merchants Increases migration to cities Increases migration to cities Middle class grows in numbers, power Middle class grows in numbers, power American and French Revolutions American and French Revolutions Conflicts and wars continue Conflicts and wars continue Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

19. 19 Conflicts, Boundaries and New Nations 19 th Century Balkan states emerge Spanish/Portuguese territories in New World form nation-states China Japan 20 th Century World War I World War II Establishment of Israel North/South Korea East/West Germany African and Asian states (former British/French empires) USSR breakup Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

20. Civilization Today Superpowers? Superpowers? United States United States European Union European Union China China Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 20