1. Advanced Search Techniques On EBSCOhost to Support Systematic Reviews Richard Crookes, MA, MCLIP Senior Training Specialist (UK, Ireland & Nordic Countries) 24 th May 2016

2. Objectives Using the thesaurus for focused, authoritative searching Command language searching Finding country specific content Using clinical queries & evidence-based practice filters Using Search History to save and re-run searches Keeping up-to ‐ date using search & publication alerts Exporting search results Where to find additional support & guidance

3. Welcome to the CINAHL and MeSH Headings session. Subject Headings are assigned based on article content and help you retrieve more relevant results. In this tutorial, we will look at how to search using the CINAHL Headings feature. The functionality demonstrated is identical to that when searching MeSH headings in the MEDLINE databases.

4. We’ll begin by searching for Subject Headings. Check the Suggest Subject Terms box, then enter your term, such as catheter infections, in the Find field, and click Search. You can also click on the CINAHL Headings or MeSH link along the top toolbar which will also bring you to the CINAHL Headings screen.

5. A list of appropriate CINAHL headings, or subject terms, appears, defaulted to Relevancy Ranked. Your search term also appears at the bottom of the list with the option to search it as a keyword.

6. To the right of the subject terms list is a Major Concept option which, when selected, will restrict results to those articles in which your chosen subject is a major focus. For details about this option, click on the Help icon. Click on a scope note icon in the Scope column to view the scope note for a subject term.

7. The Tree Views, or hierarchical arrangement of subject headings, are displayed when you click the subject heading. Click the Back to Term List link to return to your list of subject terms.

8. Check the box of a subject term to view the Subheadings, which may be selected to further refine the subject. If a subheading is not selected, all of the subheadings are searched. When you check a subject term, it is added to the Search Term Builder box.

9. In this example, we have selected the subject heading Catheter-Related Infections with the subheadings of Complications or Drug Therapy or Education.

10. As you select subject headings and subheadings, your search strategy is added to the Search Term Builder box. Remove unwanted terms by clicking the red X next to the term. To browse for additional terms to add to your search, click the Browse Additional Terms link, or after making your selections, click on the Search Database button. In this example, we will add more terms to our search. Search Term Builder Box

11. You are returned to the browse terms screen. A note lets you know that your previously selected terms have been retained enabling you to continue building your search. Next we will browse for Urinary Infections to add to our search.

12. The list of subject headings relevant to urinary infections is displayed. Click on the term to view the Tree Views or check the box to view all Subheadings.

13. The option to Explode is present for this term, as there is a narrower term ‘under’ Urinary Tract Infections – Bacteriuria. The Explode option, when selected, will search not only Urinary Tract Infections but also the more specific term of Bacteriuria. If a comprehensive subject search of all types of Urinary Tract Infections is wanted, we select the Explode option. If desired, Major Concept and specific subheadings could be selected. In this example, we will select Explode, select to combine the searches with AND, and click the Search Database button.

14. A result list is displayed. The search is displayed in the Find field. Click the Search History link below the Find field to open the Search History/Alerts window. From the Search History/Alerts window you can edit the search by clicking Edit. You can also save and edit Search Alerts.

15. Refining results – using limiters

16. Search Options – using limiters

17. In this tutorial, you will learn how to perform an Advanced search using the CINAHL databases, as well as how to combine multiple searches using the Search History feature.

18. We begin by searching for catheters, selecting the Full Text limiter. Enter the term in the search box, select your limiters, and click Search.

19. This search can be further modified by using the Limiters available in the left column under Limit To. Click the Search History link to view the search in the Search History/Alerts window. In this search, we want to restrict our results to catheter infections in the urinary tract.

20. We click on New Search to clear our Search screen as well as any limiters we may have selected, so we can create a new search on hemodialysis. After completing the new search, we will combine it with our search of Catheters using the Search History. Enter hemodialysis in the search box, check the Full Text limiter, and click Search.

21. The search is added to the Search History. The next step is to combine this search statement with search statement S1, which is the full text search on Catheters. To combine the searches, check the box to the left of each search and select a button to combine the searches. We’ll click Search with AND for results which contain both search terms. Note, if your search box has not been cleared automatically, remove your previous search terms prior to clicking Search with AND.

22. The result list is refreshed to reflect the combined search and the new search is added to your Search History.

23. This search can be further refined by selecting limiters from the Limit To section on the left. The Show More link provides additional limiters which can further refine your search.

24. Limiters may include Research Article, Evidence-Based Practice, and Age Groups. After selecting any desired limiters, click Search.

25. The result list is displayed. Note the Options set indicator, which reflects that limiters have been selected.

26. The Search History reflects all of our search statements and each search statement provides the terms and limiters applied, as well as the number of results retrieved. Click the Edit link on any line of your search history to modify the search terms, limiters, and expanders. This is useful when further modification of the search statement is needed.

27. Searching for subject terms can also be useful. The CINAHL Editorial staff has assigned subject terms based on article content, allowing you to create a targeted search. When you click the Suggest Subject Terms box above the search box prior to conducting a search, your terms are searched against the CINAHL Headings authority. From there, you can select headings and subheadings to refine your search.

28. You can also click on the CINAHL Headings link along the top toolbar to browse for appropriate subject terms. For more information on searching using subject headings, see the “Using CINAHL/MeSH Headings” tutorial on the EBSCO Support Site. The ability to search CINAHL Headings is available in all of the CINAHL databases.

29. When you are searching the CINAHL Plus databases or CINAHL Complete, you can click on the Evidence-Based Care Sheets link in the top toolbar or Quick Lessons under the More link to view a list of all available topics. Simply check the box in front of any item on the list and click on the Search button.

30. The document is displayed in the result list. Click the PDF Full Text link to view the Quick Lesson or Evidence-Based Care Sheet. To access the CINAHL Continuing Education Unit Modules, click the CE Module link and follow the directions to enroll with CINAHL.

31. Search Options – Using wildcards & truncation Question-mark wildcard To use the ? wildcard, enter your search terms and replace each unknown character with a ?.E.g. type ne?t to find all records containing neat, nest or next. Hash wildcard To use the # wildcard, enter your search terms and place # where an alternate spelling might contain an extra character. E.g. type p#ediatrics to find all citations containing paediatrics or pediatrics. Truncation To use the asterisk (*) wildcard, enter the root of a search term and replace the ending with an *. E.g. type nurs* to find the words nurse, nursed, nurses or nursing. The asterisk (*) may also be used between words to match any word. For example, 'a midsummer * dream' will return results that contain the exact phrase, 'a midsummer night’s dream.'

32. Proximity Searches The proximity operators are composed of a letter (N or W) and a number (to specify the number of words). The proximity operator is placed between the words that are to be searched, as follows: –Near Operator (N) - N5 finds the words if they are within five words of one another regardless of the order in which they appear. For example, type HSE N5 leadership to find results that would match HSE leadership as well as leadership in the HSE –Within Operator (W) - In the following example, W8 finds the words if they are within eight words of one another and in the order in which you entered them. For example, type HSE W8 leadership to find results that would match HSE leadership but would not match leadership in the HSE. In addition, multiple terms can be used on either side of the operator. See the following examples: –(heart attack OR myocardial infarction) N5 (statins OR Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) –Insulin W3 (diabetes OR diabetic)

33. EBSCOhost shortcuts

34. Complex Search in EBSCOhost

35. Wichor M. Bramer - Gerdien B. de Jonge Erasmus MC - Rotterdam the Netherlands Improving efficiency and confidence in systematic literature searching 11 th -12 th June 2015) Search Strategy for EBSCOhost SU “Smoking Cessations+” OR (TI (Cessation, Smoking OR ((smok*) N3 (cessation))) OR AB (Cessation, Smoking OR ((smok*) N3 (cessation))))) (SU “cost benefit analys?s+” OR (TI (Cost Effectiveness OR ((cost*) N3 (effective*))) OR AB (Cost Effectiveness OR ((cost*) N3 (effective*)))))

36. MEDLINE– Searching for UK specific content

37. MEDLINE– Using Country (CY) of Publication

38. CINAHL - Searching for UK specific Content

39. CINAHL – Combine geographic subject

40. CINAHL – Using Geographic Journal Subset

41. EBSCOhost – Index Browse Index browsing allows the user to view all values that occur in specified fields in a database, along with corresponding hit counts. Access the index browse feature by hovering over "More" on the upper portion of the search screen and select "Indexes." Use the drop-down "Browse and Index" menu to choose an index to browse. Indexes can also be searched using tags. Since browsable indexes are phrase indexed, the exact form and spelling of terms as they appear in the database must be used in conjunction with the tags when entering a search manually. Tags for all fields included in the index browse feature begin with "Z" (e.g. "ZA" for Author).

42. Searching for UK content - using MEDLINE Index

43. Combine in Search History

44. CINAHL – Geographic subset – using Index Browse

45. Saving Searches

46. Saving Searches – Permanent or temporary

47. Results list – exporting results

48. Export Manager – sending results in RIS format

49. Export Manager – Retrieving results

50. Keeping-up-to-date – Search Alerts

51. Keeping up-to-date - Table of Contents alerts To view specific publications select the Publications link from the menu bar and search for titles or browse the a-z links etc. Click on a publication title to view the journal’s listing.

52. Publication alerts – Sign into MyEBSCOhost

53. Publication Types Publication Types (PT)CINAHLMEDLINE Systematic review (SR)systematic reviewreview Meta Analysis (M)Meta AnalysisMeta-Analysis Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT) Randomized Controlled Trial Guidelines (G)Practice GuidelinesGuideline, Practice Guideline

54. Clinical Queries Clinical Queries are specific search strategies (“hedges”) which can be applied to retrieve clinically-relevant and scientifically-sound results from the CINAHL® or MEDLINE databases. Created in collaboration with the Health Information Research Unit (HIRU) at McMaster University, and are designed for clinician use. For additional information about ongoing research, please visit: http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/hiru/HIRU_Hedges_home.aspx.http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/hiru/HIRU_Hedges_home.aspx

55. Clinical Queries - CINAHL CINAHL searches can be refined using specific search strategies designed to produce results in 5 research areas: http://support.epnet.com/knowledge_base/detail.php?id=4005 –Therapy –Prognosis –Review –Qualitative –Causation (Aetiology)

56. HIRU “Hedges”

57. Clinical Queries - MEDLINE Searches can be refined using specific search strategies designed to produce results in 9 research areas: http://support.ebsco.com/knowledge_base/detail.php?topic=996&id=4623 &page=1 –Therapy –Diagnosis –Prognosis –Reviews –Clinical Prediction Guides –Qualitative –Causation (Aetiology) –Costs –Economics

58. Research Strategies As research may require different emphasis, three strategies are provided for each area: –High Sensitivity – the broadest search to include ALL relevant material. It may include less relevant materials. –High Specificity – the most targeted search to include only the most relevant result set, may miss some relevant materials. –Best Balance – retrieves the best balance between Sensitivity and Specificity.

59. Clinical Queries – Search Options

60. Search History

61. Evidenced-Based Limiters MEDLINE – Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) –The EBM Reviews limiter is a quick method to limit your search to the following 6 titles within MEDLINE: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ACP Journal Club Clinical Evidence Evidence-based Mental Health Evidence-based Nursing Evidence report/Technology assessment –This limiter is valuable as it limits your search to a small set of titles that apply very strict criteria and thus include high-quality evidence-based content, including systematic reviews. –You can search for a keyword, e.g. headache, and apply this limiter and retrieve a set of more valuable results quickly.

62. Evidence-Based Limiters II CINAHL – Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) –The Evidence-based practice journal subset is applied to articles from evidence based practice journals including: Cochrane Articles about evidence based practice Research articles (including systematic reviews, clinical trials, meta analyses, qualitative studies) Commentaries on research studies (applying practice to research) Case studies (if they meet the criteria of the use of research) Evidence based practice terms.

63. At any time, click on the Help link to view the complete online help system.

64. Advanced Search Guides EBSCO Health Advanced helpsheet - http://support.ebsco.com/knowledge_base/detail.php?id=7532 http://support.ebsco.com/knowledge_base/detail.php?id=7532 EBSCOhost Transitioning helpsheets - http://support.epnet.com/knowledge_base/detail.php?topic=9 96&id=7471&page=1 http://support.epnet.com/knowledge_base/detail.php?topic=9 96&id=7471&page=1 Command line Searching - http://support.epnet.com/knowledge_base/detail.php?id=3857 http://support.epnet.com/knowledge_base/detail.php?id=3857 EBSCOadmin options for Medical Librarians – http://support.epnet.com/knowledge_base/detail.php?topic=9 96&id=4134&page=1

65. Thank you! Any questions? Richard Crookes EBSCO Health - Senior Training Specialist – UK, Ireland & Nordic Countries (Biomedical) Tel 07812187726 Email rcrookes@ebsco.comrcrookes@ebsco.com EBSCO Support - http://support.ebsco.comhttp://support.ebsco.com