1. The Jim Crow Era

2. Following Reconstruction, the Southern states will seek to bypass the Civil War Amendments which guaranteed civil rights, and voting rights for African Americans These state laws will become known as “Jim Crow” laws

3. Jim Crow Laws Some of these laws included: Poll taxes- fees for voting Literacy tests- tests that must be passed in order to vote Grandfather Clause- waives the literacy tests and poll taxes for those whose grandfathers voted in the past

4. The Jim Crow Era Many southern whites will intimidate African Americans with terror –The Ku Klux Klan –Lynching Many African Americans will seek better lives in northern states –The Great Migration- movement of southern blacks to northern cities

5. “Separate But Equal” In addition to state laws which block the 14 th and 15 th Amendments, in 1898, a court case will legally separate blacks and whites in the south Plessy vs. Ferguson- the Supreme Court ruled that the 14 th Amendment was not violated if equal accommodations were made for blacks and whites All over the country, separate facilities were made for blacks and whites, legally segregating society

6. Separate Facilities for Blacks and Whites

7. The African American Response Several African Americans believed in different ways of ending Jim Crow laws and segregation: –Ida B. Wells - Led an anti-lynching campaign and tried to get the federal government involved in ending Jim Crow laws

8. Ida B. Wells

9. The African American Response Several African Americans believed in different ways of ending Jim Crow laws and segregation: –Ida B. Wells- Led an anti-lynching campaign and tried to get the federal government involved in ending Jim Crow laws –Booker T. Washington - believed the way to equality was through vocational education and economic success. He favored segregation

10. Booker T. Washington

11. The African American Response Several African Americans believed in different ways of ending Jim Crow laws and segregation: –Ida B. Wells- Led an anti-lynching campaign and tried to get the federal government involved in ending Jim Crow laws –Booker T. Washington- believed the way to equality was through vocational education and economic success. He favored segregation –W.E.B. Du Bois - believed that education without equality was meaningless. He also hoped to gain political equality by creating the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)``1 `

12. W.E.B. Du Bois