1. latrobe.edu.au CRICOS Provider 00115M What is the role of organisational culture in developing improved approaches to the risk management of Musculoskeletal Disorders? Dr. Jodi Oakman Centre for Ergonomics and Human Factors La Trobe University Dr. Dave Tappin Massey University, New Zealand

2. 2 Organisational Safety Culture and MSD Health & safety management systems are likely to be more effective in organisations with a positive safety culture. Better understanding of MSD causation (and intervention development) requires consideration of wider socio-technical work systems. Safety culture is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies and behaviours that determine commitment to, and the proficiency of, health and safety management.

3. 3La Trobe University

4. 4 Cumulative tissue damage Biomechanical load Stressor load Biomechanical Load Stress Response Muscle Tension Hormones etc. DIRECT EFFECTSINDIRECT EFFECTS e.g. work overload, lack of job control e.g. cumulative compression Pain sensitisation

5. 5La Trobe University Stage of Change (Prochaska and DiClemente 1982) Stage of Change

6. 6La Trobe University

7. 7 Stages of Change

8. 8La Trobe University Interventions Current problems with intervention aimed at reducing MSDs include: - focus predominately on physical hazards - do not take into account multifactorial nature of MSD causation - not adopting a systematic approach to identification and development of interventions Large evidence base to support that multiple interventions are needed and to be undertaken in parallel

9. 9La Trobe University What is the link? Targeted interventions which take into account stages of change are more likely to take into account culture of an individual workplace

10. 10La Trobe University 10 Ergonomists / OHS Professionals Using SOC to Manage MSDs Identification Physical hazards Psychosocial hazards SOC status Development of Risk Controls Stage of Change Implementation Evaluation Participative Approach Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Oakman, Tappin, Rothmore 2016

11. 11La Trobe University THANK YOU j.oakman@latrobe.edu.au