1. INDUSTRIAL ORIENTED MINI PROJECT ON STUDY ON MANUFACTURING OF STEAM TURBINE BLADES D.Shiva Krishna 08141A0307 D.Srinivasa Rao 08141A0316 S.Madhu 08141A0312

2.  A steam turbine is a device that converts potential energy into kinetic energy and later it transformed into mechanical energy, specifically when a rotor of multiple blades are driven by the movement of steam.  As the turbine’s rotor turns, the rotating shaft can work to accomplish numerous applications, often electricity generation. STEAM TURBINE :-

3. TYPES OF STEAM TURBINES:-  Reaction turbine  Impulse turbine

4. PARTS OF STEAM TURBINES:-  Blades  Casing  Shafts  Oil system  Governor

5.  Blades are the heart of a steam turbine, as they are the principal elements that convert the thermal energy into kinetic energy.  A total development of a new blade is therefore possible only when experts of all these fields come together as a team. STEAM TURBINE BLADE :-.

6. CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF A STEAM BLADE:-  Profile  Rotor  Damping element H.P blades L.P blades BLADING MATERIALS:- The blading materials are 403 stainless steel, 422 stainless steel, A-286, and Haynes Stellite Alloy Number 31 and titanium alloy.

7. MANUFACTURING PROCESS:-  Manufacturing process is that part of the production process which is directly concerned with the change of form or dimensions of the part being produced.  Manufacturing is the backbone of any industrialized nation. CLASSIFICATION OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS:-  Primary shaping process  Secondary or Machining process

8. A milling machine is a machine tool that removes metal as the work is fed against a rotating multipoint cutter. The milling cutter rotates at high speed and it removes metal at a very fast rate with the help of multiple cutting edges. MILLING:-

9. PRINCIPLE OF MILLING :- In milling machine, the metal is cut by means of a rotating cutter having multiple cutting edges. For cutting operation, the work piece is fed against the rotary cutter. As the work piece moves against the cutting edges of milling cutter, metal is removed in the form chips. MILLING METHODS :-  Peripheral milling  Face milling  Up milling  Down milling

11. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MILLING CUTTERS:-

12. The following steps are involved in the machining of a Steam Turbine Blade:- 1.Cutting 2.Rhomboid 3. Size Milling 4. Size Grinding 5. Face milling 6. Total Length Milling EXPERIMENTAL WORK :- Manufacturing of a steam turbine blade

13. 11.Windings 12. Pitch Milling 13. Pitch Grinding 14.Finishing 15.Inspection 7.Root milling 8.Grooving 9.Convex Profile 10.Concave Profile

14. CUTTING :-  For manufacturing of steam turbine blades we require different sizes of specimens. These specimens are taken from the long bars by using the cutting process.  Generally we will use the medium size which indicated with TX32 Dimensions for TX 32:- Cutting length =186 mm Right Angle =32 degrees Size =28.40 * 29.00 (Thickness)* (Width) RHOMBOID:-

15. FACE MILLING:-

16. ROOT MILLING :-

17. GROVING :- CONVEX PROFILE:-

18. CONCAVE PROFILE :-

19. FINISHING :-

20. CONCLUSION :- · This project is made on the basic manufacturing technique of steam turbine blades. · The procedure involved in this manufacturing leads to achieve the best surface quality and structure. · This method uses two separate cutting steps to reach the full depth of cut, which allows the cutting force to be reduced more effectively than by reducing the feed per tooth, as it allows the chip thickness to be modified towards the recommended target values.