2. UNIT 2: POPULATION POPULATION PYRAMIDS (PART V)

3. DEPENDENCY RATIO The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years

4. DEPENDENCY RATIO 0-15 = Dependents 16-64 = Workers 65+ = Dependents DR = Number of Dependents (0-15 and 65+) Number of Working-age (16-64) X 100

5. F Population under the age of 15 - usually shown as a percentage of the total population of a country - dependency age is 0-15

6. GENDER RATIO Gender (Sex) Ratio: number of males per hundred females In general more males are born than females Males have higher death rates Examples: Europe and North America = 95:100 Rest of World = 102:100

7. GENDER RATIO – DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Have large % of young people – where males generally outnumber females Lower % of older people – where females are typically more numerous High immigration = more males

8. POPULATION PYRAMIDS A country’s stage in Demographic Transition gives it a distinctive population structure Also called Age/Sex Pyramids

9. POPULATION PYRAMID Population composition on graph: Males = left side of the vertical axis Females = right side of the vertical axis Age = order sequentially with youngest at the bottom and oldest at the top (usually by five-year cohorts)

10. Rapid Growth, Poor Country F A country in stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model F Large number of young people and a smaller older population F High infant mortality, short life expectancy, rapid population growth

11. SLOW GROWTH A country in stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model Large number of “older people” Smaller % of young people

12. NO GROWTH End of stage 4 Large number of “older people” Very small % of young people

13. POPULATION PYRAMID SUMMARY FOR UNITED STATES: 1950, 2025, 2050 Population Pyramid Summary for United States: 1950, 2025, 2050

14. POPULATION PYRAMIDS SUMMARY FOR INDIA: 1991, 2003

15. ONE “WEIRD” PYRAMID

16. POPULATION WOES FOR EAST ASIA Japan 1970s-BR 2.1/2015-BR 1.0 Japanese are living longer Highest proportion of elderly in the world Currently 20% of population is over 65 By 2040-40% will be over 65 WHAT WILL THEIR FUTURE PYRAMID RESEMBLE? Here you go…

17. CHINA’S FUTURE China (1/5 th of the world’s population)-1.36 billion One-Child Policy -implemented in 1979, prevented over 400 million births. Reduced TFR from 5.3 to 1.5 Fall in fertility rates due to improving economic and social factors in urban areas Late-term abortions encouraged Baby girls sold for average of $3,000/baby Couples are fined $3,000 per additional child beyond one in urban areas Rural families were allowed to have two children if first was a girl China now has one of the oldest populations in the world-30% over 50 yrs. old WHAT WILL THEIR FUTURE PYRAMID RESEMBLE?

18. THE END OF THE “PYRAMID” (FOR DEVELOPED COUNTRIES) http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2014/11/daily-chart-10