1. For our Environment “Practice of WEEE management in Germany” Conference of the UNIDO Centre Moscow "Organization of Management of Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment in Russia: the Situation in the Industry and its Prospects" Dipl.-Ing. Kristine Sperlich (Environmental Engineer) Section III 1.6 – Product Responsibility 28 of May 2014

2. Contents  Historical Development  The WEEE-Directive – The European regulations on WEEE management  National transposition – WEEE management according to the German Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act  What we achieved in Germany so far  Current challenges 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 2 “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

3. Historical Overview 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 3 December 2008: European Commission publishes its draft for the recast of the WEEE-Directive EU-Directive 2002/96/EG from 27 of January 2003 on Waste Electrical and electronic Equipment (WEEE) comes into force Recast of WEEE-Directive enters into force in July 2012 (EU-Directive 2012/19/EU) German Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act of 2005 Start of collection of WEEE at no charge in March 2006 First draft on recasted Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act in February 2014 Deadline for transposition: 14 of February 2014 Checking the statements of affected actors, associations etc. these days Government draft – start of legislative procedure 1990s: First Discussions to lay down rules for the management of WEEE “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

4. Rules and targets of the WEEE-Directive (1) 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 4 The general aims are:  to contribute to a sustainable consumption and production,  to reduce the disposal of waste and  to contribute to an efficient use of resources by providing secondary raw materials These aims should be reached by - as a first priority –the prevention of WEEE and - additionally – reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of WEEE. The Directive defines the scope: From a closed scope with ten categories of EEE it will change to an open scope in 2018. “Practice of WEEE management in Germany” new

5. Rules and targets of the WEEE-Directive (3) 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 5 Collection target: Changing from an absolute number to a rate Until end of 2015 4 kg/(inh*y) from private households OR Same amount of weight as was collected on average in the three proceeding years Durchschnitt der in den letzten drei Jahren gesammelten Mengen (whichever is greater shall continue to apply) Until end of 2018 45% of the average weight of EEE placed on the market in the three proceeding years From 2019 65% of the average weight of EEE placed on the market in the three proceeding years OR 85% of WEEE generated “Practice of WEEE management in Germany” new

6. Rules and targets of the WEEE-Directive (4) 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 6 Proper Treatment, Recycling and Recovery  Recycling rate: between 50 and 80% (depending on the category)  Recovery rate: between 70 and 50% (depending on the category)  Increase of the recycling rate as of 15 of August 2015 by 5 % (but including preparation for reuse)  Removal of all fluids  Removal and selective treatment of:  PCB-containing capacitors,  batteries,  Plastics containing BFR  Mercury containing components (e.g. switches)  CFC, HCFC, HFC, HC  Certain treatment, e.g.:  Removal of mercury from gas discharge lamps  Removal of the flourescent coating of CRT Proper treatment “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

7. Rules and targets of the WEEE-Directive (5) 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 7  Return to the distributor  1:1 basis when supplying a new product and as long as the equipment is of equivalent type  0:1-basis for very small WEEE (<25cm) without obligation to buy new EEE  Member States can install alternative collection shemes but they have to be at least as effective  Minimum requirements for shipments  Proof that a used EEE and not WEEE is shiped (bill, contract)  Record on evidence of testing  Appropriate protection against damage during transportation “Practice of WEEE management in Germany” new

8. National Transposition WEEE management system in Germany – „Shared Product Responsibility“ 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 8 Clearing House: stiftung ear Collection site of municipality Primary treatment facility Providing Containers for the 5 collection groups Some further rules:  Municipalities can commission the treatment on their own responsibility  Producers and distrubutors can collect WEEE voluntarily  All actors have several reporting obligations Registration of the amount of EEE PoM Producer Consumer EEE WEEE Report full containers Calculates on basis of EEE PoM the amount of WEEE for each registers producer Charge with transport and treatment WEEE Subsequent treatment and recycling facility Fractions of WEEE “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

9. Collection groups for WEEE in Germany 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 9 Small Household Appliances Screens and monitors Large Household Appliances Gas discharge lamps IT, telecommunication and consumer equipment Refridgerators IT, telecommunication and consumer equipment & Small Household Appliances Photovoltaikmodule Current collection groups “Practice of WEEE management in Germany” Main changes with the recast of the German Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act (Draft) Will stay more or less the same

10. Collection groups for WEEE in Germany 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 10 Collection in 30-40 m³ containers (Groups 1, 2, 3, 5) “Practice of WEEE management in Germany” Collection in boxes (Group 4 – gas discharge lamps)

11. WEEE collected and recycled/ recoverd (2006-2010) 28 of May 2014│ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany11 Source: UBA – Daten zur Umwelt “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

12. Recycling and recovery rates per Catagory in 2010 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 12 Source: UBA – Daten zur Umwelt “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

13. Current Challenges – Example 1 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 13 Treatment of refridgerators  Still more than 50% of the waste refridgerators contain CFCs  substances depleting the ozone layer and greenhouse gas  Avoid diffuse emissions of CFCs during treatment Source: own photograph “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

14. Current Challenges – Example 2 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 14 Theft and illegal exports  Number unknown  Especially in front of municipal collection sites and when doing municipal collections on the streets Source: own photograph “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

15. Current Challenges – Example 3 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 15 Source: Screenshot www.youtube.de Collection and transport of WEEE containing Lithium batteries  Already fires during collection and on sites of treatment facilities  Changes in the manner of collection and transport are needed (meeting the regulations of the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR)) “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

16. Current Challenges – Example 4 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 16 Recycling of Precious and special metals like PGM, Au, Ag, In, Ta, REO etc.  Some metals are not recycled at all  Working on the question how to better collect small items that contain these materials, how to concentrate the materials that contain these metals during treatment of the appliances,, how to overcome technical recycling limitatations and how to minimise losses Source: own photograph “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

17. 17 Thank you for your attention! Kristine Sperlich kristine.sperlich@uba.de http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/abfall- ressourcen/produktverantwortung-in-der- abfallwirtschaft/elektroaltgeraete 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany

18. Rules and targets of the WEEE-Directive (2) 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 18 The scope of the directive: From a closed scope to an open scope: until 14.08.2018 As in the first WEEE- Directive -Closed Scope -„Former“ ten catagories and additionally photovoltaic panels and luminaires in private households -Certain exclusions from 15.08.2018 Open Sope (6 catagories) 1.Temperature Exchange Equipment 2.Screens and monitors 3.Lamps 4.Large Equipment 5.Small Equipment 6.Small IT and telecommunicaton equipment -Certain exclusions “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

19. The new collection target of the WEEE-II-Directive – European comparision for the year 2010 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 19 Quelle: Eigene Berechnungen auf Basis von Eurostat/ EEA “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

20. Collection of WEEE – European comparision 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 20 Quelle: Eurostat/ EEA “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

21. Current Challenges – Example 5 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 21 Collection of gas discharge lamps and LED lamps  Currently in two different collection groups  But since it is difficult to distinguish between gas discharge lamps and LED lamps (so called „retrofit lamps“) they should be collected together in order to increase the totoal amount of waste gas discharge lamps collecte and thus avoid releases of mercury Source: own photograph “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”

22. The Federal Environment Agency of Germany – who we are and what we do 28 of May 2014 │ UNIDO Conference on WEEE managment │ Kristine Sperlich - Federal Environment Agency Germany 22  gathering data concerning the state of the environment  early detection of environmental risks and threats, investigating the relevant interrelationships and making projections and assesments  find viable solutions and provide policy advice for federal bodies such as the Ministry of the Environment  providing the public with information  implementing environmental law The Federal Environment Agency is a scientific agency and has about 1,500 employees. Our headquarter is located in Dessau-Roßlau. “Practice of WEEE management in Germany”