1. Chapter 24-1 The Nations of the World

2. Section Preview The characteristics of a nation The characteristics of a nation How the histories of nations differ How the histories of nations differ Compare developed and developing nations Compare developed and developing nations

3. What is a Nation? Group of people who share similarities Group of people who share similarities Language Language History History Identity Identity Political Unit Political Unit Well-defined area of land (territory) Well-defined area of land (territory) Where government has authority over the people Where government has authority over the people

4. 3 Characteristics of a Nation 1. Well-defined borders 2. Government authority DemocracyMonarchyDictatorship 3. Sovereignty Power to make & enforce its own laws Power to deal with other nations Trading agreements Who may enter its borders

5. Nations and National Interests Self-preservation Self-preservation Preserve order within its borders Preserve order within its borders Project power Project power Strong economy Strong economy Strong military Strong military Develop sense of nationalism Develop sense of nationalism Pride in shared history, culture, language, political traditions, religion Pride in shared history, culture, language, political traditions, religion Loyalty to own nation Loyalty to own nation

6. Different National Histories Different National Histories

7. Former colonies Former colonies Territory ruled by more powerful nation - colonial power Territory ruled by more powerful nation - colonial power Supplied crops and raw materials Supplied crops and raw materials Supplied cheap labor Supplied cheap labor Native people Native people Lost freedom, forced labor Lost freedom, forced labor Lost native language, laws, sometimes culture Lost native language, laws, sometimes culture Early 1800s, Latin American colonies fought for freedom Early 1800s, Latin American colonies fought for freedom After WWII, colonies in Africa, Middle East and Asia won freedom After WWII, colonies in Africa, Middle East and Asia won freedom

8. Characteristics of Developed Nation Characteristics of Developed Nation Industrialized Industrialized Factories, modern technology in use Factories, modern technology in use Population lives in towns and cities Population lives in towns and cities Economy is very strong and diversified Economy is very strong and diversified High standard of living High standard of living Poor people are a minority Poor people are a minority Developed Nations Developed Nations Represent 20% of world’s population Represent 20% of world’s population Represent 75% of the world’s annual income Represent 75% of the world’s annual income

9. Characteristics of Developing Nations Characteristics of Developing Nations Majority of population is poor and underfed Majority of population is poor and underfed Difficult to grow food Difficult to grow food Most people are uneducated or under-educated Most people are uneducated or under-educated Politically weak Politically weak Civil war exists within nation’s borders Civil war exists within nation’s borders Economically weak Economically weak Developing Nations Developing Nations 800 million people 800 million people Many are former colonies Many are former colonies Left unprepared for self-government Left unprepared for self-government

10. Moving Developing to Developed Help from developed nations Help from developed nations Help from United Nations Help from United Nations Examples: Examples: South Korea South Korea Per capita GDP Per capita GDP Sri Lanka Sri Lanka High literacy rate High literacy rate

11. Chapter 24-2 Relations Between Nations Relations Within Nations

12. Section Preview Major causes of international conflict Major causes of international conflict Types of competition between nations Types of competition between nations The history of the Cold War The history of the Cold War Ways nations have cooperated since the end of the Cold War Ways nations have cooperated since the end of the Cold War

13. Can’t We All Get Along? Nations have conflicts with each other Nations have conflicts with each other Nations compete with each other Nations compete with each other Nations cooperate with each other Nations cooperate with each other

14. Conflicts 4 types of conflict 4 types of conflict 1. Beliefs and values 1. Beliefs and values 2. Territorial and environmental conflict 2. Territorial and environmental conflict 3. Racial and ethnic conflict 3. Racial and ethnic conflict 4. Conflict over political power 4. Conflict over political power

15. Ongoing Conflicts Algeria (political) Algeria (political) Burundi (ethnic) Burundi (ethnic) Colombia (political) Colombia (political) Congo-Kinshasa (political& ethnic) Congo-Kinshasa (political& ethnic) India (ethnic) India (ethnic) Israel/Palestine (ethnic) Israel/Palestine (ethnic) Ivory Coast (political) Ivory Coast (political) Liberia (political) Liberia (political) Nepal (political) Nepal (political) Philippines (ethnic) Philippines (ethnic) Russia (ethnic) Russia (ethnic) Sudan (ethnic) Sudan (ethnic)

16. Sporadic Conflicts Afghanistan (political) Afghanistan (political) Congo-Brazzaville (political) Congo-Brazzaville (political) India (communal) India (communal) Indonesia (communal) Indonesia (communal) Myanmar (ethnic) Myanmar (ethnic) Nigeria (communal) Nigeria (communal) United States (international) United States (international) Iraq (international) Iraq (international) Somalia (political) Somalia (political) Uganda (political/ethnic) Uganda (political/ethnic)

17. Repressed or Suspended Conflicts Angola (political) Angola (political) Chad (political/ethnic) Chad (political/ethnic) Comoros (political) Comoros (political) India (communal) India (communal) Indonesia (communal) Indonesia (communal) Rwanda (ethnic) Rwanda (ethnic) Senegal (ethnic) Senegal (ethnic) Sierra Leone (political/ethnic) Sierra Leone (political/ethnic) Sri Lanka (ethnic) Sri Lanka (ethnic) Turkey (ethnic) Turkey (ethnic)

18. Conflicts over Beliefs and Values What is right and wrong What is right and wrong What is the role of government What is the role of government Religion Religion Christian or Moslem Christian or Moslem

19. Territorial & Environmental Conflicts Control or use of natural resources Control or use of natural resources Land, water, oil Land, water, oil Examples: India and Pakistan, Iraq? Examples: India and Pakistan, Iraq?

20. Racial and Ethnic Conflict One race is perceived as superior - Yugoslavia One race is perceived as superior - Yugoslavia

21. Conflict over Political Power Who is the decision-maker for the people? Who is the decision-maker for the people? Desire to be the decision-maker Desire to be the decision-maker Desire to protect who is in charge Desire to protect who is in charge Example: Example: Pakistani army took over government Pakistani army took over government 1999 1999 Claim that government was corrupt Claim that government was corrupt

22. Cold War US and USSR - allies during WWII US and USSR - allies during WWII Incompatible political and economic systems Incompatible political and economic systems Competition in political and economic ideas by 1949 Competition in political and economic ideas by 1949 US was capitalistic, free-market economy US was capitalistic, free-market economy Spread to Western Europe Spread to Western Europe USSR was communist, command economy USSR was communist, command economy Communism – the central government owns and controls the nation’s economic resources Communism – the central government owns and controls the nation’s economic resources Spread to Eastern Europe Spread to Eastern Europe Cold War was the conflict between the U.S. and Soviet Union (USSR) following WWII Cold War was the conflict between the U.S. and Soviet Union (USSR) following WWII

23. Cold War Used military to project power Used military to project power Arms race Arms race Formed military alliances Formed military alliances Groups of nations agreeing to help and protect each other Groups of nations agreeing to help and protect each other North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – 1940 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – 1940 US and western Europe US and western Europe Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact USSR and eastern Europe USSR and eastern Europe

24. NATO vs WARSAW PACT

25. Cold War “Flash points” occurred “Flash points” occurred Early 1950s, North Korea invaded South Korea Early 1950s, North Korea invaded South Korea USSR & China ally (NK) invaded US ally (SK) USSR & China ally (NK) invaded US ally (SK) 1964-73, North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam 1964-73, North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam USSR & China ally (NVN) invaded US ally (SVN) USSR & China ally (NVN) invaded US ally (SVN) Other hot spots in Nicaragua and Afghanistan Other hot spots in Nicaragua and Afghanistan US or USSR troops never fought directly US or USSR troops never fought directly No nuclear weapons were ever used No nuclear weapons were ever used

26. Cold War 1970s a “thaw” in the Cold War 1970s a “thaw” in the Cold War Lessening of tensions between US & USSR (détente) Lessening of tensions between US & USSR (détente) Began to cooperate in trade and reducing arms buildup Began to cooperate in trade and reducing arms buildup 1987 – signed Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Agreement (INF) 1987 – signed Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Agreement (INF) Both sides destroyed 1,000s of nuclear missiles Both sides destroyed 1,000s of nuclear missiles 1989 many communist countries broke from USSR 1989 many communist countries broke from USSR In Eastern Europe In Eastern Europe Went to free-market economies Went to free-market economies Political governments reformed Political governments reformed 1991, soviet states left USSR 1991, soviet states left USSR

27. GLCM

28. Post-Cold War Cooperation Trade - Regional Trade Organizations Trade - Regional Trade Organizations EC – European Community – adopt euro in 1999 EC – European Community – adopt euro in 1999 NAFTA – 1993 – North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA – 1993 – North American Free Trade Agreement Organization of American States (OAS) Organization of American States (OAS) Providing Aid – help former Soviet Union states Providing Aid – help former Soviet Union states U.S. Western Europe, Japan U.S. Western Europe, Japan Peacemaking – new balance of power Peacemaking – new balance of power Gulf War – 1991 Iraq invades Kuwait Gulf War – 1991 Iraq invades Kuwait Former Yugoslavia 1999 – Kosovo breaks from Serbia Former Yugoslavia 1999 – Kosovo breaks from Serbia North Korea – 1993-4 – nuclear weapons development North Korea – 1993-4 – nuclear weapons development Middle East – 1993 – Israel and the Palestinians Middle East – 1993 – Israel and the Palestinians South African Apartheid - 1994 South African Apartheid - 1994

29. Chapter 24-3 The Challenge of Independence

30. Our Global Economy World’s largest corporation Largest American corporation annual revenues = 2% of our GDP 6,000 suppliers 80% are from one country (and it’s not the United States) Imported $18B worth of goods from China

31. Our Global Economy Downside of global economy Downside of global economy Outsourcing, loss of domestic jobs, industries Outsourcing, loss of domestic jobs, industries

32. Interdependency of Nations Role of Technology Role of Technology News media, the internet News media, the internet Information is available 24/7 in real time Information is available 24/7 in real time Less separation between cultures Less separation between cultures Better opportunities to understand other cultures Better opportunities to understand other cultures See common goals, not opposing interests See common goals, not opposing interests Shared Environment Shared Environment Interconnected by shared resources Interconnected by shared resources Ensure air, water are pollution-free Ensure air, water are pollution-free

33. Interdependency of Nations Shared system Shared system The whole is made up of interconnected parts The whole is made up of interconnected parts A change in one part will affect all of the other parts A change in one part will affect all of the other parts

34. The End, etc.), etc.)