1. AP Western Religions

2. Influence of Zoroastrianism

3. The Persian Empire

4. JudaismChristianityIslam Abraham, Mesopotamia is considered to be the first Jew, 7 th century BCE Teachings based on Jesus of Nazareth, 1 st century CE, Roman Palestine. Mohammad, Mecca 622 CE Following the destruction of the 2nd Jewish Temple, rabbis wrote the Hebrew Bible. Christianity separated from Judaism by St. Paul Structure of the Catholic Church and its dogma decided by the Council of Nicaea. Origins

5. Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, 922 BCE After the Hebrews settled in the Holy Land, they created a Kingdom. The Jewish King Solomon built the first Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. Eventually the kingdom divided, and were later conquered by the Neo- Babylonians who destroyed the first Temple. Reconstruction of the Jewish Temple

7. JudaismChristianityIslam Star of DavidCrossCrescent Moon and Star NO images of humans or god allowed Icons (religious human-like images) allowed within Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. NO images of humans or god allowed Symbols

8. JudaismChristianityIslam The Torah is composed of the first 5 Books of The Tanakh (The complete Hebrew Bible). Written in Hebrew. The Old Testament (The Torah) and the New Testament. Written in Aramaic and Greek. The Koran (Quran). Written in Arabic. The TalmudThe Hadith (traditions) Laws : Halakhah Laws : Canon Laws : Sharia Sacred Texts

9. JudaismChristianityIslam Temple Mount, Jerusalem JerusalemKaaba Stone, Mecca SynagoguesBethlehemMedina NazarethDome of the Rock, Jerusalem ChurchesMosques Sacred Places

10. Jerusalem

11. Dome of the Rock

12. Kaaba Stone, Mecca

14. Inside a Church

15. Inside a Mosque

16. JudaismChristianityIslam 10 Commandments 5 Pillars of Islam: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. One god One god (Allah) Rabbis differ on views of the afterlife Heaven and Hell Messiah is comingMessiah has come (Jesus), rose for ___, and will return. Jesus was a prophet but not the son of god Beliefs

17. JudaismChristianityIslam Day of Judgment Beliefs Continued…

19. The 10 Commandments 1. I am the lord your God who brought you out of Egypt. You shall have no other gods. 2. You shall not make or worship idols. 3. You shall not swear falsely by the name of the Lord your G-d. 4. Remember the Sabbath [Friday night and Saturday] and keep it holy. 5. Honor your father and mother. 6. You shall not murder. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 10. You shall not covet your neighbor’s belongings.

20. JudaismChristianityIslam Observing the Sabbath (day of rest) Observing the Sabbath Bris (circumcision on the 8 th day of a boy’s birth) Baptism to eliminate original sin (caused by Eve’s “original sin” of eating the apple) 5 Pillars of Islam Observing Kosher dietary law Fast days (i.e. the 40 days of Lent) Observing Halal dietary law Prayer in synagoguePrayer in churchPrayer in mosques Bar Mitzvah/Bat Mitzvah Practices

21. JudaismChristianityIslam Tallit: Prayer shawl Yarmulke Practices Continued…

22. Jewish boys wear the tallit (prayer shawl), yarmulke, and tifilin. They are reciting the Shema while covering their eyes. Girl receiving the Eucharist during her first communion.

25. JudaismChristianityIslam There is no “head rabbi” in Judaism. The Pope is the head of the Catholic Church. Imams lead prayer in mosques. Rabbis are interpreters of Jewish law. The Patriarch is the head of the Greek Orthodox Church. ___ call worshippers to prayer. Cantors sing the Torah in synagogue. Organization and Clergy

26. JudaismChristianityIslam Role of Women

27. Women of the Wall, who retrieved a Torah scroll from the men’s prayer section despite regulations against women reading from a Torah at the Wall

28. JudaismChristianityIslam Yom Kippur: Day of Atonement. Holiest day of the Jewish year. Christmas: Birthday of Jesus Ramadan Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year LentEid ChanukahEaster Passover Holidays

29. JudaismChristianityIslam The Bad

30. JudaismChristianityIslam Jewish Diaspora Expansion

34. JudaismChristianityIslam Conservative: 18 th century. Torah must be followed, but Judaism must evolve. Catholic-Orthodox (1054) Shia-Sunni (c. 650 CE) Hasidism 17 th centuryCatholic-Protestant (1500s) Sufi Chabad: Branch of Hasidism, goal to reconnect Jews to their faith. Reform: 18 th century. Judaism must modernize, less strict interpretation of the Torah. Splits

37. HW Questions

38. Key Vocabulary Abraham Aramaic Cantor Covenant Hanukah Jerusalem Jewish Temple Judaism Kosher Passover Rabbi Rosh Hashanah Shabbat Synagogue Torah Western Wall Yarmulke Yom Kippur