2. The Columbian Exchange The sharing of goods and ideas that began with Columbus's first voyage. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNp fM4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNp fM4 (stop 3:13, start 4:16)

3. The “Columbian Exchange”  Squash  Avocado  Peppers  Sweet Potatoes  Turkey  Pumpkin  Tobacco  Quinine  Cocoa  Pineapple  Cassava  POTATO  Peanut  TOMATO  Vanilla  MAIZE  Syphilis  Olive  COFFEE BEAN  Banana  Rice  Onion  Turnip  Honeybee  Barley  Grape  Peach  SUGAR CANE  Oats  Citrus Fruits  Pear  Wheat  HORSE  Cattle  Sheep  Pigs  Smallpox  Flu  Typhus  Measles  Malaria  Diptheria  Whooping Cough  Trinkets  Liquor  GUNS

4. The Columbian Exchange: Disease Disease – most were passable through air or touch, illness in Europe was considered to be a consequence of sin… Native Americans had no natural resistance to diseases that Europeans brought over, their populations declined for centuries after the Europeans arrived

5. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers Official European Colony!

6. Treasures from the Americas!

7. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

8. The Slave Trade 1.Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. 2.Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. Sugar cane & sugar plantations. First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. 275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries. 3.Between 1500 & 1800, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

9. Slave Ship “Middle Passage” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFE GIY

10. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

11. African Captives Thrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!

12. European Empires in the Americas

13. Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World 1.Encomienda or forced labor. 2.Council of the Indies. Viceroy. New Spain and Peru. 3.Papal agreement.

14. Splitting the New World in Two Pope Alexander VI (church is still pretty powerful) divided the New World in 1493/94 with The Treaty of Tordesillas – established a Line of Demarcation that separated Spanish (everything west of the line) and Portuguese (everything east of the line) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-x0ZPxoT- qAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-x0ZPxoT- qA

15. The Line was redrawn in 1494 to benefit Portugal more than the original Line did. Spain Portugal

16. Father Bartolome de Las Casas New Laws  1542

17. New Colonial Rivals 1.Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean. 2.Spain in Asia  consolidated its holdings in the Philippines. 3.First English expedition to the Indies in 1591. Surat in NW India in 1608. 4.Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

18. New Colonial Rivals

19. Impact of European Expansion 1.Native populations ravaged by disease. 2.Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”] 3.New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. 4.Deepened colonial rivalries.

20. 5. New Patterns of World Trade

21. Overthrowing the Aztecs 1515- Spanish controlled most of the islands in the Caribbean Base in Cuba – set out to explore the Central American mainland One of the first conquerors or, conquistadores was Hernán Cortés Bio: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oicgynllrfY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oicgynllrfY

22. Overthrowing the Aztecs 1519 – Cortés, 500 soldiers, some horses, and a few cannon landed on the Yucatan Peninsula and began to march inland

23. Overthrowing the Aztecs Cortés continued to march inland… the Aztec ruler, Montezuma waited Montezuma welcomed the Spanish – food, riches, a palace to stay in

24. Overthrowing the Aztecs Cortés tricked Montezuma into becoming his prisoner and took control of the city 1520 – Aztecs rebelled against the Spanish, Montezuma died, Spanish fled 1521 – Cortés returned with more soldiers with guns and horses and defeated the Aztecs Destroyed the Aztec city and built Mexico City – temple was replaced with Catholic church

25. Overthrowing the Incas 1520s – Spanish moved throughout Central America Ventured to the rich Inca Empire Conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, found the capitol in 1531 Bio - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j- Px6ZG_NDQ&list=PLfC0I5G3cT0QstV ookV6Bwct9cjW6OcRL http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j- Px6ZG_NDQ&list=PLfC0I5G3cT0QstV ookV6Bwct9cjW6OcRL

26. Events leading to the fall 1525: Emperor died of plague; civil war broke out (empire already in chaos) 1527: Pizarro wanted to discover wealth; embarked on his third voyage to the New World 1532: Spanish arrived in Peru Sept. to Nov. 1532: The Cajamarca massacre- Pizarro led 160 Spaniards to slaughterover 2,000 Inca and injuring 5,000

27. Events leading to the fall November 16, 1532 : Atahualpa (leader) captured by Spaniards, offered gold for his freedom. Pizarro accepted more than 11 tons of gold ($6 million+) but never released Atahualpa. July 26, 1533: Atahualpa was killed 1535: Empire lost