1. 9.1 & 9.2 Transport in Xylem & Phloem of Plants

2. Read & Consider Understandings 9.1.1 – 9.1.5 & 9.2.2 1 – WATER PROPERTIES List water’s unique properties.

3. WATER MOVEMENT  Xylem structure  Evaporation  Cohesion  Adhesion  Incompressible

4. Osmosis Review: passive movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher concentration. Isite.lps.org

5.  Mass Flow – facilitated diffusion  Active Transport – ATP used  Mutualistic Relationship – with mycorrhizal fungi Mineral uptake increases solute concentration in the roots driving osmosis of water into the plant with no energy expenditure.

6. 1. Water is rapidly absorbed by roots 2. Absorption creates strong upward pressure in xylem 3. Water moves to replace that lost via evaporation from leaves 4. Water replenishes inner cells as it travels Draw the structure of primary xylem – page. 291, 296

7. The adhesive property of water and evaporation forces carry water to all parts of the plant, supplying large central vacuoles. Hydration provides tension forces giving the plant structure rigidity.

8. XEROPHYTES  Xerophytes – plants of permanently dry and arid conditions.  Exceptionally thick cuticle  Thin hairs on epidermis  Few stomata  Stomata in pits  Leaf rolled or folded when flaccid  Superficial roots  Deep extensive roots  C4 & C3 photosynthesis  CAM metabolism

9. Read & Consider Understandings 9.1.1 - 9.1.2 Define transpiration.

10. TRANSPIRATION  The evaporation of water through stomata of green plant leaves – driven by necessary gas exchange.

11. ACTIVE TRANSPORT REVIEW  Metabolic energy drives transport across cell membranes. This transport occurs against a concentration gradient so that cells may “stock up” on essential ions.

12. STOMATAL CONTROL  Each stoma is surrounded by two elongated guard cells attached to epidermal cells and to one another. Guard cells open and close in response to turgor pressure controlled by concentration of potassium ions.  Turgid cell = open  Flaccid cell = closed

13. Read & Consider Understandings 9.2.1 & 9.2.3 – 9.2.5 Besides water, what do plants need to transport?

16. ACTIVE TRANSPORT  Phloem is living and actively transports nutrients. Nutrients may occur in either direction by mass flow:  Solutes are loaded into sieve tubes (ATP)  Solutes flow from areas of high pressure (areas with sugar)  Water flows in to increase pressure  Sugar is moved to cells (or sink areas) and pressure decreases.

17. Compare and contrast characteristics of xylem and phloem using the information on page 295. Identify xylem and phloem in stained mircographs – see page 296.

18.  Pennsylvania DEP. "Water - Transpiration." Environmental Education. DEP, n.d. Web. 4 May 2015.  "Pruning Grape Vines - How to Prune HQ." How to Prune HQ. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2015.  "Tips: Targeted Intervention for Proficiency in Science." Science Tips. Regional Professional Development Program, n.d. Web. 04 May 2015.  "Transport in Plants - Phloem Structure." Transport in Plants. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2015.  "Water and Carbohydrate Transport in Plants." Study Blue. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 May 2015.  Wiki Kids Ltd. "Transpiration in Plants." Wonder Whiz Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 May 2015.