1. and the National BIM Standard
Overview
Dana K. Smith, FAIA
Executive Director, buildingSMART alliance
August 22, :45-10:45

2. National Institute of Building Sciences
NIBS - Public Law , Sect. 809
Bridge between Private and Public Construction
Non-governmental – Unique 501c3 Organization
Unique in that it represents all disciplines in industry
Facility Information Council Mission
"improve the performance of facilities over their full life-cycle by fostering common and open standards and an integrated life-cycle information model for the A/E/C & FM industry."
1997 – international Alliance for Interoperability (IAI)
2007 – buildingSMART – Alliance and International
NIBS Related Products –
Construction Criteria Base
Whole Building Design Guide
National CAD Standard
National BIM Standard
Some background on NIBS is important as many people don’t know about this unique organization and why it works so well for what we are trying to accomplish.
Congress directed NIBS to “exercise its functions and responsibilities in four general areas, relating to building regulations……………..”
1. Develop & maintain performance criteria for maintenance of life, safety, health, and public welfare for the built environment.
2. Evaluate building technology to meet the above criteria.
3. Conduct related and needed investigations
4. Assemble, store, and disseminate technical data and related information
NIBS acts as a non-threatening open forum host for capital facilities industry collaboration and a recognized consensus process
Twelve groups required to be represented by the legislation:
Consumer and General Interest - Consumers, users, academia, media, and public interest groups.
Architects - Architects and related professionals in private practice.
Engineers - Engineers and related professionals in private practice.
Federal Government - Officials and representatives of federal government agencies.
State and Local Government - Officials and representatives of state and local government including code officials.
Building Construction - Building construction contractors, subcontractors and utilities.
Labor Organizations - Building trade unions.
Housing - Builders, developers and housing producers.
Building Materials and Products - Producers, manufacturers and distributors of materials and products used in the building process.
Codes and Standards – Codes, Standards writing or producing organizations.
Real Estate, Finance, Legal and Insurance - Owners, real estate financial and insurance organizations.
Research, Testing and Other Services - Research organizations, testing laboratories, and other service organizations.

3. ✗ NIST in 2004 identified $15.8B lost to lack of interoperability
Why Change Now?
Source: CII & LCI 2004
NIST in 2004 identified $15.8B lost to lack of interoperability
$3 trillion industry with possible 30% waste
40% of global raw materials are consumed by buildings
Facilities consume 40% of our energy
65.2% of total U.S. electricity consumption
Facilities contribute 40% of the emissions
Facilities contribute 20% of land fills
U.S. is no longer the worlds largest consumer…but we did not slow down
$4.8 trillion 2008 ✗
Most of the information came from the National Academy of Sciences Federal Facility Council.
The NIST study is identified
The information about the US no longer being the primary consumer came from DesignIntelligence 2007 – “Mastering the Future” by James P. Cramer
I am still looking for the specifics on the CII 2004 study and will provide as soon as it is available. I am quite confident that it exists however.
Most of this is focused on waste in construction spending, which likely does include design, however does not include operations and sustainment so the reality is likely even much worse, if that is even imaginable.
I also say that we can make it worse than it is if as we try to solve problems in our own stovepipes and simply make them into “cylinders of excellence” We must coordinate or we will in fact more waste…
Here are some additional quick statistics on buildings and climate change, according to the U.S. Green Building Council:
Buildings Account for 38% of CO2 emissions in the United States —more than either the transportation or industrial sectors.
Over the next 25 years, CO2 emissions from buildings are projected to grow faster than any other sector, with emissions from commercial buildings projected to grow the fastest—1.8% a year through 2030.
Buildings consume 70% of the electricity load in the United States.
Buildings have a lifespan of years during which they continually consume energy and produce CO2 emissions. If half of new commercial buildings were built to use 50% less energy, it would save more than 6 million metric tons of CO2 annually for the life of the buildings—the equivalent of taking more than 1 million cars off the road every year.
The U.S. population and economy are projected to grow significantly over the coming decades, increasing the need for new buildings - to meet this demand, approximately 15 million new buildings are projected to be constructed by 2015.
Building green is one of the best strategies for meeting the challenge of climate change because the technology to make substantial reductions in energy and CO2 emissions already exists. The average LEED® certified building uses 32% less electricity and saves 350 metric tons of CO2 emissions annually. 

4. 31% of $1.288T = $399B Annually The Math
This Does Not Include Operations and Sustainment, Occupation, Renovations, Air Quality Impacts, etc. – 90+% of Total
Source: CII & LCI 2004
Worldwide Construction Industry 2008 = $4.8T (Source ENR)
US Construction Industry 2008 = $1.288T (Source ENR)
57% - 26% = 31%
31% of $1.288T = $399B Annually
$4.8 T Worldwide Construction Spending
$1.288 T U.S. Construction Spending
57% Waste = $734 B (Construction)
26% Waste = $334 B (Manufacturing)
$400 B

5. Our industry is an impediment to the owner attaining product delivery
The Owners View
Our industry is an impediment to the owner attaining product delivery
We don’t communicate well – 90% can’t read drawings – Typically includes owner
Any time we spend is taking away from their bottom line / profit

6. A Visual Reason For BIM 3D 2D Visualization Reality
Daniel Libeskind’s Denver Art Museum 3D 2D
Visualization
with Conflict
Analysis
Reality
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman

7. Simple Message for Owner
BIM can deliver…
a facility sooner
a lower cost higher quality facility
a facility with few or no change orders
a significant reduction in RFI’s
a more energy efficient facility
a more sustainable facility
a more environmentally friendly facility

8. Simple Message for Owner
… but BIM is only the tool
is the approach for success!
Build building electronically before you build it physically
Collect information once by authoritative source
Re-use information throughout the facility lifecycle
Cut out non-value added effort (waste)
BIM IS GOOD and BIM is here now!

9. Building Electronically First
Photo courtesy of Dennis R. Shelden, Ph.D., Chief Technology Officer, Gehry Technologies. The picture is of the Disney Conference Hall, designed by Frank Gehry.

10. Far More Than Visualization
Ceiling Integration – Disney Concert Hall by Frank Gehry
Photo courtesy of Dennis R. Shelden, Ph.D., Chief Technology Officer, Gehry Technologies. The picture is of the Disney Conference Hall, designed by Frank Gehry.

11. We are All Headed in the Same Direction
Integrated Project Delivery
Virtual Design and Construction
Lean Construction
High Performance Buildings
Building Green / LEED
Code Compliance Checking
Real Property Asset Management
Sustainability
Space Management
Preventative Maintenance
Energy Conservation
Environmental Stewardship
Value Engineering
Life Cycle Costing
All benefit from collecting information in a model and providing it to future lifecycle phases
Focus

12. We are Implementing BIG BIM
Issues Individual Firms, Associations and Agencies Can Not Solve Alone
Big Picture - Scope
International Standards (ifc)
National Standards
Best Business Processes
Education
Manufacturer Objects
Code Compliance
Certification
While we can have good individual successes there are many items that need significantly more coordination. This is one of the primary reasons for the Alliance.

13. From the smallest part rolled up to the world or portfolio view
Scope of BIM
From the smallest part rolled up to the world or portfolio view
From inception onward in the lifecycle of a facility
Include all stakeholders that use facility information from the designers to the occupants.
Collect data once and use it from that point forward, sustaining it as you do your work.

14. A: Rolling Up Information
Theatre / World
Country
OGC®
Installation /
Region
State / Province
Natural Asset
County
Air / Space
City
Underground
IAI-IFC Usage
Site
Water / Sea
Real
Property Asset
Land / Parcel
Facility / Built
Building
System
Sub-Systems
Space
Components
Level
Overlay
Room
Structure
System
Sub-Systems
Space
Components
Level
Overlay
Room
Linear Structure
Node
Segment

15. B: Lifecycle Information View
Laws and regulations
-Building regulations
-Building specifications
CAD software
-Drawings, calculations
-Architect, engineer,…
VRML
-Visualisation, 3D models
Knowledge databases
-Best practise knowledge
-Own practice
Simulations
-Comfort
-Ventilation, heating
-Life cycle cost
-Light, sound
-Insulation
-Fire, usage
-Environment
-Life time predictions
Briefing
-Functional req.
-Estimates
-Conditions
-Requirements
Building Information Model
Demolition, refurbishment
-Rebuild
-Demolition
-Restoration
Facility management
-Letting, sale, operations
-Maintenance
-Guaranties
Specifications
-Specification sheets
-Classification standards
-Estimates, accounting
Construction management
-Scheduling
-Logistics, 4D
Procurement
-Product databases
-Price databases

16. C: The Stakeholders 2yr 100+ Years 1Yr
Conception
Stage
Project
Delivery
Selection
Stage
Design
Stage
Construction
Documents
Stage
Procurement
Stage
Execution
Stage
Utilization
Stage
Closure
Stage
Facility Managers Maintenance & Sustainment Safety & Occupational Health Plant Operator Renovation & Restoration Space Manager
Security Manager
Network Manager CIO Risk Manager
Insurer Occupant Support & Way finding
First Responders
Owner
Planner - Scoping, Simulation
Environmentalist Realtor
Appraiser Mortgage Banker
Designers Engineers - Energy Analysis, LEED
Conflict Analyst
Cost & Quantity Estimators Specifiers Contract Specialist & Lawyers
Disposal
Recycling
Archivist
Construction Contractors Sub-Contractors Fabricators
Suppliers & Manufacturers Code Officials
Graphisoft
2yr
100+ Years
1Yr

17. D: Collect Information One Time!
Legal
Data
Geospatial
Data
Financial
Data
Designer
Data
BIM
Specifier
Data
Image
Graphisoft
Owner / Occupier
Data
Environmentalist
Data
Sustainers
Data

18. Information Based Design and Construction
Geospatial
Data
Product
Selection
Fabrication
Ordering/
Delivery
Invoicing/Payment
Computerized
Maintenance
Management
System (CMMS)
Planning Design Construction Operations Sustainment
Legal
Data
Engineering
Analysis
Code Compliance Checking
Computer Aided
Facility Management
Geospatial
Data
Photo courtesy of Dennis R. Shelden, Ph.D., Chief Technology Officer, Gehry Technologies. The picture is of the Disney Conference Hall, designed by Frank Gehry.

19. Approach
Scope out area of responsibilities identify authoritative sources and users of information
Begin to develop standards and organize information flows
Practitioners demonstrate willingness to change
Practitioners fund development of a plan
Base plan on value of energy and sustainability savings and eliminating non-value added effort
Develop estimate for accomplishment of the plan
Seek funding from beneficiaries of the outcome
Federal and state government
Private sector owners and their associations
Execute plan
Monitor progress
Adjust as necessary

20. 200,000+ Downloads Standard: NBIMS V1 P1 Delivered Dec 27, 2007
International Core
National Specific
OmniClass
Information Exchange Concepts
Standard Development Process
Information Assurance
Capability Maturity Model
References and Appendices
Over 30 contributors
200,000+ Downloads

21. As a noun: Building Information Model
Source of Confusion
As a noun: Building Information Model
An instance of a populated data model of buildings that contains multi-disciplinary data specific to a particular building which they describe unambiguously
As a verb: Building Information Modeling
The act/process of creating a Building Information Model (BIM – a noun)
Building information modeling is a process that requires the availability of
A data model of buildings
Information about a (specific) building
Software to populate the data model with that information

22. Not The First To Experience Confusion

23. Evolution of the Definition
Wikipedia:
The Building Information Model (BIM) is a set of information generated and maintained throughout the lifecycle of a building. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the process of generating and managing a building information model.
IAI Nordic Chapter:
BIM is an object-oriented, AEC-specific … digital representation of a building to facilitate [data] exchange and interoperability of information in digital format (Kiviniemi et al., 2007).

24. What is a Building Information Model?
National BIM Standard Definition of BIM
A Building Information Model (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility.  As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle from inception onward.
A basic premise of BIM is collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of the life cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the BIM process to support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder. The BIM is a shared digital representation founded on open standards for interoperability.

25. Beginning Operations – NBIM Standard Process

26. Technical Basis for NBIMS
Purpose
Norm Std
Owner
Documentation
Business Process and Information Requirements
IDM, v2
BuildingSMART Intl.
IDM 2 Methodology, buildingSMART Norway
Generic & Schema-specific Model-View Definition
MVD
NBIMS V1-P1, NIBS
Information, Modeling and Validation Framework
IMV
Virtual Building Objects, Properties and Associations Data Model
IFC, v2x3, V2x4
ISO 16739
ifc.buildingsmart.com/
Building Process & Component Classification
OmniClass
CSI & CSC
Building & Construction Terminology Reference Library
IFD Library
CSI, CSC, buildingSMART Norway, STABU Foundation

27. What Makes It National
Uniformat
Masterformat
COBIE

28. buildingSMART International
Interested Countries
Russia
India
Brazil
Courtesy of Patrick MacLeamy, HOK

29. What is BIM? – Interoperability View
Structural
Engineer
HVAC
Govt.
Constr.
Manager
Facilities
Building
Owner
Civil
Architect
Structural
Engineer
HVAC
City
Constr.
Manager
Facilities
Building
Owner
Civil
Architect
Govt.
Industry Exchange
Standard
©2007 OSCRE, Americas, Inc.

30. buildingSMART International
Core Technologies
Information Request & Delivery of BIM Data
Requestor
Provider
North American Data Standards
Used in the exchange of Information between team members
OmniClass™, IFDLibrary™, IFC
Information Delivery Manual (IDM)
Communications Definition
Structural
Engineer
HVAC
City
Constr.
Manager
Facilities
Building
Owner
Civil
Architect
Govt.
Industry Exchange
Standard
Building_part
Door 2
Window_frame 4
Window 6
Glass 7
frame
glass S[1:?]
Room 8
Room_connection 9
windows S[0:?]
door
relating
related
Room_id 3
identification
Scale sensitive plan symbols
Parametric 3D information
Sectional information
Object Definition
Manufacturers Specifications, Finish, Price
Parametric Elevation information
Industry Foundation Class (ifc)

31. buildingSMART International
Core Technologies
Designer
View
Owner / Occupier
Environmentalist
Specifier
Financial
Legal
Sustainers
Geospatial
BIM
Graphisoft
Image
Model View Definition (MVD)
View Definition
Properties
BARBi - Norway
LexiCon - Nederland
NBS - England
SDC - France
One concept carries the same unique identification in every language
78AF4E98C8D4406B873DBB85E1FE7DB
In a briefing document
In product catalogues
In classification systems
In building specifications
In a calculation system
In a Facility management system
For demolition and reconstruction
In a CAD system
NBIMS – North America
International Framework Dictionary (IFD)
Language Definition

32. buildingSMART International
Core Technologies
Exchange Definition
Exchange requirements defined
Exchange Requirements Definition (ERD)
Courtesy European Structural Group and A Crawley

33. Growing The Product GSA Space Management IDM
Information Delivery Manual
OGC AECOO
Test Bed
IFC 2x3
ISO/PAS 16739
IFC 2x4
NWI ISO 16739
COE/NASA
COBIE
MVD
Model View Definition
Industry Wide Execution
Pankow Precast
Concrete
IFD Library
International Framework Dictionary
ICC SMART Codes
AACE Quantity Take Off

34. Business Process Change: Requirements Definition
Precast
Requirements
Definition
OGC Testbed
Vendor delivered product

35. BIM For Architectural Precast Concrete
Workflow – Architectural Precast – Georgia Tech

36. BIM For Architectural Precast Concrete

37. BIM For Architectural Precast Concrete

38. Sample IDM/MVD Business Process Diagram

39. Project Delivery Selection Stage Construction Documents Stage
Work Plan
Project Delivery Selection Stage
Design Stage
Execution Stage
Procurement Stage
Concept Stage
Construction Documents Stage
Closure
Stage
Utilization Stage $

40. buildingSMART alliance: Emerging Projects
Industry Foundation Classes (ifc) (Alliance Technical Committee)
Information Delivery Manuals (IDM) (Alliance Technical Committee)
Model View Definitions (MVD) (Alliance Technical Committee)
Industry Framework Dictionary (IFD) (Alliance Technical Committee)
National CAD Standard (NCS) (NIBS FIC)
AECOO Testbed (OGC/buildingSMART/IAI)
Architectural Precast (Pankow)
Precast (Pankow)
Automated Code Compliance Checking (AC3) (ICC)
Construction to Operations Building Information Exchange (COBIE) (NASA/COE)
Structural Design (Pankow)
Geospatial Integration (Alliance)
Object Standards Harmonization (ISO ISO 15926) (FIATECH)
Continuing Education Principles (Alliance)
University Education Coordination (Alliance)
Project Execution Planning for BIM (Pankow) (PSU)
Quantity Take Off (AACEi)

41. Simplified Relationships
NIBS
Board of Directors
NIBS President
buildingSMART alliance™ Staff
Board of Direction
buildingSMART
International
Alliance Programs
Projects
From all members
of the Alliance
External and Internal Projects
Sponsors and Members

42. NBIMS as a Project buildingSMART Board of Direction Compliant Products
International
Board of Direction
Programs
Alliances & User Groups
Standards & Technology
Economic Issues
Quality of Life
Real Property
Business Process
Visualization, Sim. & Analysis
Energy & Environment
Education
Compliant Products
Research & Development

43. buildingSMART alliance Benefits
Over 50 active open standards projects
NBIMS Development
AECOO Testbed (Cost & Energy)
Education baseline and projects
International (ifc, IDM, MVD, IFD)
Products are free based on Sponsorships
Sponsors $25K and above become International Members
Speakers Bureau
Conferences
Workshops
Local Interest Groups
Magazine
Web Site

44. Sample Products of the Alliance
Products coordinated by the Alliance

45. Creating Success
The $399B US problem is not going to be solved with several million dollars.
It should not and can not be solved entirely by practitioners
We do need to demonstrate we are serious about change
Please join individually and then get your organizations to join at the corporate level or more importantly to become sponsors
Consider contributing 1% of your profit attributed to BIM to advancing the industry
The Alliance will then be able to convince owners, industry and government leaders that this is a good investment

46. Questions?
Deke Smith
(202)

47. Thank You
Deke Smith
(202)

48. Cannot be used for any other purposes unless authorized by creator
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.
Copyright 2008© AEC Infosystems, Inc | Onuma, Inc. Crate & Barrel | buildingSMART alliance National Institute of Building Sciences McGraw-Hill Construction Faithful & Gould | Reed Construction Data Gehry Technologies | Jacobs Engineering | Mortenson Sydney Opera House Dale Davis, Associate AIA and LEED, Jtec HCM, Inc Wiley , 4Site Press
Cannot be used for any other purposes unless authorized by creator