1. Hazardous Materials First Responder Operations Program New York State Department of State Office of Fire Prevention and Control 1

2. 2 Course Overview Unit I - Hazardous Material First Responder Awareness Module Unit II through Unit V - National Fire Academy Initial Response to Hazardous Materials Incidents: Concept Implementation Course Length - 15 hours

3. Hazardous Materials First Responder Awareness Module Unit I 3

4. 4 Module Objectives Understanding what hazardous materials are Understanding potential outcomes Recognizing the presence of hazardous materials Identifying hazardous materials Role of first responders at the awareness level

5. 5 Module Objectives cont’d Understanding how to use the North American Emergency Response Guidebook Realizing the need for additional assistance and how to request such assistance

6. 6 Introduction to Hazardous Materials At the end of this lesson the participants will be able to: –When given a scenario, identify the levels of response and the appropriate training requirements for each level of response –Identify the appropriate level of emergency response activity for each level of hazardous materials training.

7. 7 Introduction What comes to mind when you think of a hazardous materials release?

8. 8 Emergency Response Personnel May Face Many Incident’s Where HazMat is Released Fires Automobile accidents Medical emergencies Automatic alarm activation's Releases harmful to people, places, or things from transportation containers Industrial or mercantile facilities

9. 9 Public Sector Employees in NYS Must Be Trained To Their Appropriate Level of Response Level of activity is determined by employer - Awareness, Operations, Technician, Specialist FD Response - Incident Commander is a given OSHA requires an “Employer’s Emergency Response Plan” which identifies the level of activity for employees

10. 10 This Course Covers the Requirements For: OSHA 1910.120 (q)(6)(i)(ii) - Hazardous Materials First Responder Awareness & Operations Level OSHA 1910.120 (q)(8) = Training shall be of sufficient content and duration to maintain their competencies or shall demonstrate competency at least yearly.

11. 11 Training Levels Awareness Operations Technician Specialist On-scene Incident Commander

12. 12 Awareness Level Initial Level Identify presence Take basic actions Notify higher trained personnel

13. 13 Awareness Level Responders Duties Recognizing the Hazard –information provided by others –observations Protection of Others –protecting oneself –protecting others Notifications –per pre-established plans –other responders –other trained personnel –governmental entities

14. 14 Operations Level Second level Usually FD or other emergency service groups Duties include: –protection of responders and public –defensive operations –control measures from a safe distance

15. 15 Technician Level Offensive operations Actively attempt control “Plug and Patch” Use specialized clothing

16. 16 Technician Level Requirements Use of Haz Mat plans Use specialized test equipment Working with ICS system Use specialized PPE Hazard and risk assessment Decontamination procedures Chemical and toxicological terms

17. 17 Specialist Level Exceeds technician level Specialized knowledge Work with agencies Training in areas similar to technician but more in- depth

18. 18 Additional Specialized Courses Pesticides and Poisons Flammable Gases Flammable liquids CAMEO Radiation Safety Decontamination Basic Life Support and Haz Mat Weapons of Mass Destruction Series –Awareness –Basic Concepts (Ops) –Technician –Incident Command –Company Officer –EMS

19. 19 On Scene Incident Commander In charge of scene 24 hours of training at Ops level Specific skills not necessary Must understand risks involved

20. 20 ACTIVITY 1-1 1.Read Gasoline Tanker Scenario 2.Answer questions about the incident 3.Appoint a group spokesperson

21. 21 Classification of Hazardous Materials At the end of this lesson the participants will be able to: –Identify the nine classes of hazardous materials as identified by U.S. DOT and give one example of each –Identify the typical containers used to transport hazardous materials

22. 22 Hazard Classification System Most widely used system is is the U.S. Department of Transportation method –Nine classes of materials –Code of Federal Regulations provides specific transportation data: Specific containers to be used Placards and labels to be used If material is unable to be shipped due to its risk Incompatible materials to be shipped together The four digit material identification number

23. 23 Marking and Identification for Transportation - US DOT Some materials pose a level of risk that requires the transport vehicle to be placarded regardless of the amount of material - these materials are often referred to as Table 1 materials –Examples: Explosives 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 Dangerous When Wet Poison Inhalation Hazard

24. 24 Marking and Identification for Transportation Other regulated materials may require a placard on the transportation vehicle if over 1,001 pounds is being transported –Examples: Explosives 1.4 (certain ammunition) Corrosive (acids) Flammable solid (highway flares)

25. 25 Some Tank Trucks Containing Flammable or Combustible Liquids Require Product Identity Two options: AND OR AND

26. 26 Some Materials Have More Than One Major Hazard Subsidiary hazard placard same as that hazard class with out the hazard class number on the bottom –Subsidiary risk is corrosive:

27. 27 Mixed Loads Require Dangerous Placard Used when transport vehicle contains non-bulk packages Exception that requires an additional class placard –Any material that requires a class placard for any amount of material (Table 1) –Anytime 2,505 or more pounds of the same class material is loaded at the same facility

28. 28 Hazard Classes DOT Classifications Labels and Placards

29. 29 Classification of Materials - What is a Hazardous Material? Hazards Material: A material that poses a hazard to people, buildings, or the environment when released from the security of its container Materials generally pose more than one risk –Example: Gasoline could result in burns, asphyxiation from fumes, or chemical burns to the skin

30. 30 Primary Hazards Thermal Radiation Asphyxiation Chemical Etiological Mechanical

31. 31 Nine Classes of Materials Explosive Compressed gas Flammable/Combustible Liquids Flammable solids, Spontaneously Combustible, Dangerous when wet Oxidizers & Organic Peroxide Toxic or Poison Radioactive Corrosive Miscellaneous

32. 32 Class 1: Explosives Class 1.1 Class 1.2 Class 1.3 Class 1.4 Class 1.5 Class 1.6

33. 33 Class 2:Gases Class 2.1 - Flammable Gases Class 2.2 - Nonflammable Gases Class 2.3 - Poisonous Gases

34. 34 Class 3: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Flammable Liquids Combustible Liquids

35. 35 Class 4: Flammable Solids Class 4.1 - Flammable Solids Class 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible Class 4.3 - Dangerous When Wet

36. 36 Class5: Oxidizers Class 5.1 - Oxidizers Class 5.2 - Organic Peroxides

37. 37 Class 6: Poisons Class 6.1 - Poisons Class 6.2 - Infectious Substances

38. 38 Class 7: Radioactive Materials Class I Class II Class III

39. 39 Class 8: Corrosives Acids Bases

40. 40 Class 9: Miscellaneous Materials A material that presents a hazard during transport, but that is not included in another class –Division 9.1 - –Division 9.2 - –Division 9.3 -

41. 41 ORM Other Regulated Materials A material that presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its –Form –Quantity –Packaging No Placards (labels only)

42. 42 Labels Use Requirements –4 inch diamond shape –individual containers –identifies classification by color and logo

43. 43 Label/Placard Colors Explosives - Orange Flammable gas - Red Non Flammable Gas - Green Oxygen - Yellow Flammable Liquid - Red Flammable Solid - Red & White Striped Spontaneously Combustible- White over Red Dangerous when Wet - Blue Oxidizers - Yellow Organic Peroxides - Yellow Poison - White

44. 44 Label / Placard Colors Etiologic - Red on small white rectangle Radioactive I - White over White Radioactive II/III - Yellow over White Corrosives - White over Black Miscellaneous - Black & White Stripe Top over White Bottom

45. 45 Placard Requirements Identifies Major Hazard Some Materials required to have multiple placards Table I Commodities –placard any amount Table II Commodities –quantities over 1000 lbs. Dangerous Placard

46. 46 Placard Examples

47. 47 Placard Examples

48. 48 Placard Examples

49. 49 Activity 1-2 Materials Hazard Classes & Dangers Sulfuric Acid Gasoline Dynamite Uranium Propane Gas Blasting Agent Oxygen Diesel Fuel Hydrocyanic Acid Matches

50. 50 H.I.S. Numbering System Four digit number Identifies materials –Many like chemicals grouped together Number displayed –tanks, containers –shipping papers Number keyed to NA/ERG

51. 51 Non Bulk Containers

52. 52 Bulk Containers Large aluminum tanks Smaller diameter tanks pressurized tanks Saw tooth or funnel shaped tanks Cryogenic tanks

53. 53 Bulk Rail Containers Pressure tank cars Non-pressure tank cars Cryogenic tank cars Intermodal containers Typical box cars

54. 54 Fixed Facility Containers Pressure facility tanks Low-pressure facility tanks Non-pressure facility tanks Cryogenic liquid tanks

55. 55 Other Markings Key Words –Caution –Warning –Danger Stenciling –words –numbers –symbols Specification plate

56. 56 Shipping Papers Documents that accompany shipment Papers indicate: –kind of material –amount of material –special identification numbers –other important information –emergency contact numbers

57. 57 Types of Papers Highway - Bill of Lading –within driver’s reach Rail - Waybill –one for each car in train –maintained by conductor Water - Dangerous Cargo Manifest –kept on bridge by officer in charge –special mailbox on the deck of a barge Air - Airbill –kept by pilot

58. 58 Fixed Facilities Occupancy Types Location of Materials Identification Methods –NFPA 704 system –military markings –pipeline markings Material Safety Data Sheets

59. 59 Information Collection Surveying Incident –What to look for actions smells vapor clouds smoke or fire venting spills sounds Sources of Information –facility knowledge –MSDS –Shipping papers –owners/operators Collecting Information –factors determining level of harm –routes of entry

60. 60 US Department of Transportation Emergency Response Guidebook At the end of this lesson the participants will be able to: –1. Determine an appropriate guide page to utilize for a specific material –2. Demonstrate the process to identify a material by its name or four digit ID number –3. Demonstrate the ability to determine isolation distances for specific materials

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62. 62 North American Emergency Response Guidebook Designed to be used by first responders Initial guide to: –identify product –identify hazards –provide information to protect personnel –provide information to protect general public

63. 63 General Organization White Pages –general information Yellow Pages –ID number Blue Pages –product name Orange Pages –emergency action guides Green Pages –isolation and protective action distances

64. 64 DOT-ERG General Information Typical shipping papers

65. 65 DOT - ERG TIH TIH = Toxic by Inhalation Hazard –Based on a LC 50 (Lethal Concentration) measurement from test audience exposure –LC 50 identifies the level of irreversible health effects to 50% of those exposed

66. 66 DOT - ERG Hazard Zone Hazard Zone A - D is based on dangers expressed in PPM (parts per million) A= Less than orequal to 200ppm B=201 TO 1,000 PPM C=1,001 TO 3,000PPM D=3,001 TO 5,000 PPM

67. 67 Safety Precautions for Emergency Responders Approach the scene cautiously from upwind Secure the scene Identify the hazards Assess the situation Obtain help Decide on site entry Respond carefully-avoid tunnel vision, identify all hazards Above all - do not walk in the material, touch the material, or inhale the material

68. 68 Generic Guide Pages for Placards or Labels

69. 69 Generic Guide Pages for Placards or Labels (cont’d)

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72. 72 Guide Pages Provide Valuable Information Potential hazards from fire or health Public safety including isolation distances Protective clothing needed Evacuation information Emergency response information for fires, spill, or leaks First aid information

73. 73 Generic Guide Pages for Rail Transportation Pictures and identification for rail containers can be used when no specific information is available –Example: Guide 131 for low pressure rail car and 117 for a high pressure car

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75. 75 Generic Pages for Highway Transportation Pictures and identification for highway containers can be used when no specific information is available –Example: Guide 131 would be used for a non- pressure liquid tank that would carry light oils –Guide 117 would be used for a tube trailer or cryogenic tank

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77. 77 Intermodal Containers Material containers that can be taken from a cargo ship, placed on a rail frame and transported across the country by rail, and then placed on a truck frame and delivered by a highway transport

78. 78 All responders need information to determine the presence and the danger of a hazardous material The DOT ERG lists hazardous materials by either the four-digit United Nations (UN) number or by their common name Once a material is located, the appropriate guide page number for response and safety information can be referenced Critical Response Information

79. 79 Utilizing the DOT-ERG to Obtain Appropriate Guide Page Yellow bordered pages use numerical ID

80. 80 Utilizing the DOT-ERG to Obtain Appropriate Guide Page Blue bordered pages use Alphabetical list

81. 81 Utilizing the DOT-ERG to Obtain Appropriate Guide Page Once a material is found in the blue or yellow bordered page the appropriate guide page will be identified: Example: Acetylene - Guide Page 116

82. 82 Utilizing the DOT-ERG to Obtain Appropriate Guide Page Some materials are highlighted in yellow and blue which represents an unique hazard and indicates the material will be listed in the isolation table

83. 83 Isolation / Protection Actions Determine isolation/protection distances Protective follow up actions –evacuation –in-place sheltering –other factors Implementing Isolation area –size of spill –time of day –techniques

84. 84 Utilizing the DOT-ERG to Obtain Appropriate Guide Page Isolation table identifies material and provides suggested isolation distances

85. 85 Criminal/Terrorist use of Chemical/Biological Agents Newest hazard for responders Provides information on indicators –Dead animals/birds/fish –Lack of insect life –Unexplained odors –Unusual numbers of dying or sick people –Pattern of causalities –Blisters or rashes –Others listed in DOT/ERG

86. 86 Safety Precautions for Emergency Responders Approach the scene cautiously from upwind Secure the scene Identify the hazards Assess the situation Obtain help Decide on site entry Above all - do not walk in the material, touch the material, or inhale the material

87. 87 The instructor will display several items from the DOT/ERG. Refer to your activity worksheet Hazard Zone A: LC50 of less than 200 ppm Hazard Zone B: LC 50 greater than 200 ppm and less than 1000 ppm Hazard Zone C: LC 50 greater than 1000 ppm and less than 3000 ppm Hazard Zone D: LC 50 greater than 3000 ppm and less than 5000ppm ACTIVITY 1-3 DOT/ERG

88. 88 ACTIVITY 1-3 DOT/ERG Shipping papers

89. 89 ACTIVITY 1-3 DOT/ERG Placards

90. 90 ACTIVITY 1-3 DOT/ERG Transport containers

91. 91 ACTIVITY 1-3 DOT/ERG Yellow bordered material ID pages

92. 92 ACTIVITY 1-3 DOT/ERG Isolation table

93. 93 Recognition of the Presence of Hazardous Materials and Appropriate Actions At the end of this lesson the participants will be able to: –Use signs or clues that may provide information about the presence of hazardous materials. –Apply the Hazardous Materials First Responder Awareness Level materials covered in this course to their work location.

94. 94 Six Recognition Clues May Indicate the Presence of HazMat Occupancy or location Container Shapes Markings or colors Placards and labels Shipping Papers and Material Safety Data Sheets Sense of sight and sound

95. 95 Occupancy or Location What hazards could you expect at a residential, industrial, or mercantile location?

96. 96 Container May Provide Clues Highway and Rail Transportation containers –Liquid containers –Dry bulk containers –Box containers (general cargo) –Compressed gas containers Water Transport –Container ship –Cargo ship - (dry bulk or liquids) –Barge

97. 97 Air Transport Passenger planes - limited types and quantities Cargo plane - most classes of materials can be transported

98. 98 Pipeline Flammable and combustible liquids Flammable Compressed gases –Gases such as propane and methane in transmission pipelines across the country will most likely have no odor. The odor is added at the point of sale or consumer distribution.

99. 99 Markings and Colors of Containers May Be A Clue Railcar stencil with product name Transport containers with name of product or what that company typically does –Jerry’s Propane Company –Bob’s Fuel Oil Service

100. 100 NFPA 704 Marking System

101. 101 Placards and Labels While transport container may not require a placard - package inside may require a label

102. 102 Shipping Papers Highway shipments: Shipping papers –Carried in cab with driver Rail shipments: Consist or way bill –Carried in engine Water shipments: Dangerous Cargo Manifest –Cargo ship - wheelhouse –Barge - Mail box midship Air Shipments: Air bill –Carried in cockpit

103. 103 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Product name General information about product Ingredients or formulation Physical or chemical characteristics Fire and explosion hazards Health hazard data Precautions for safe handling Control measures Transportation/label/disposal data

104. 104 Hazardous Materials Awareness Summary points: –Materials that are hazardous could be anywhere anytime –OSHA requires employees who as part of their normal duty may witness, discover, or come upon a hazardous material to be trained to the appropriate level. –Responders at the Awareness Level should not touch, smell, taste, or otherwise come in contact with a hazardous material - SECURE THE AREA AND CALL FOR HELP. –There are many different clues that can help identify the presence of any one of nine hazardous material classes.

105. 105 What Critical HazMat Information Would You Expect From The Following? Occupancy or location Container shapes Markings and colors Placards and labels Shipping papers Material Safety Data Sheets Senses

106. 106 Notifications Requirements Local Emergency Response Plans and SOP's Basic guidelines –who –what –where –actions taken

107. 107 Haz Mat Definitions Hazardous Materials defined Multiple concerns Six categories Harmful effects Toxicity Flammability Reactivity Recognizing hazardous materials