1. Motion

2. Motion can defined as “any change in position”

3. There are many words used to describe these changes, including: speed velocity and acceleration

4. Speed -how long it takes for the motion to occur - also known as “rate of motion”

5. There are several types of speed:

6. Instantaneous Speed - the rate of motion at any given instant - usually measured by a speedometer

7. Constant Speed - a rate of motion that does not change over a period of time

8. Average Speed - a way of describing motion when the speed changes a lot over a period of time - can also be defined as “the total distance traveled divided by the time it took” OR……

9. Speed = Distance Time When calculating speed, always remember to showunits!your

10. To solve any problem dealing with formulas, use the following steps: 1. Choose the CORRECT formula 2. Plug in the numbers you already know 3. Do the CORRECT math 4. Write down the CORRECT unit of measure

11. For example… 100 miles 2 hours = 50 miles/ hour “miles per hour” or

12. Worksheet Examples: Question #1: Distance- 2 miles; Time- 1 hour Step 1: Choose the correct formula Step 2: Plug in the numbers you already know Step 3: Do the math Step 4: Write down the correct unit of measure d t S = = =2 miles per hour 2 miles 1 hour

13. Question #12: Mr. Rhodes left his house at 6:30am and arrived at work at 6:45am. The school is 15 miles away. What was his speed? Step 1: Choose the correct formula Step 2: Plug in the numbers you already know Step 3: Do the math Step 4: Write down the correct unit of measure d t S = = =1 mile per minute 15 miles 15 minutes

14. Question #16: A car travels 20 miles in 10 minutes. Calculate the speed and then convert it to miles per hour d t S === 2 miles per minute 20 miles 10 minutes 2X 60=120 miles per hour

15. Question #17: Another car travels 10 miles in 20 minutes. Calculate the speed of this car and then convert it to miles per hour. d t S ===.5 miles per minute 10 miles 20 minutes.5X 60=30 miles per hour

16. Question #18: Car A travels 50 miles in 2 hours. Car B travels 90 miles in 3 hours. Which car is traveling at a higher speed? d t S == =25 miles per hour 50 miles 2 hours Car A Car B S = d t = 90 miles 3 hours =30 miles per hour

17. Question #19: The speed of sound is approximately 700 miles per hour. If I am able to travel 3,550 miles in 5 hours, will I break the “sound barrier”? d t S == =710 miles per hour 3550 miles 5 hours My Speed-710 m/h Speed of Sound-700 m/h YES!!!

18. Question #20: A Chinook salmon can travel 120 miles in 6 days. A Coho salmon is able to travel 100 miles in 5 days. Which type of salmon has a higher rate of speed? d t S == =20 miles per day 120 miles 6 days Chinook Coho S = d t = 100 miles 5 days =20 miles per day THEY ARE THE SAME

19. Velocity - Describes both the speed and the direction of an object (i.e. “traveling north at 55 miles per hour”) - the velocity changes if either the speed or the direction changes

20. Acceleration - a measure of how fast the velocity changes Or…. the “rate of change in velocity”

21. there are two types of acceleration:

22. positive acceleration when an object is speeding up

23. negative acceleration when an object is slowing down (also known as “deceleration”)

24. In order to calculate acceleration, you need to know three things: 1.) the Original Speed (OS) of the object 2.) the Final Speed (FS) of the object and- 3.) the Time over which the acceleration occurred (t)

25. The formula for acceleration is: final speed – original speed time Or… fs-os t

26. Since speed (scientifically) is measured in “meters per second” and time is measured in “seconds” the unit for acceleration is

27. or meters/second/second (meters per second per second) meters/second 2 (meters per second, squared)

28. Question #1: Starting Speed- 2 m/s; Final Speed- 4 m/s; Time- 1 hour Step 1: Choose the correct formula Step 2: Plug in the numbers you already know Step 3: Do the math Step 4: Write down the correct unit of measure = = 2 m/s 2 2 1 fs-os t A= - 4 = 2 1

29. Force - a push or a pull that one object exerts on another -can be described by using words like

30. pushing Pulling stretching squeezing falling bending

31. Forces- - ALWAYS act in pairs - Are measured in Newtons (n) named after…

32. Sir Isaac Newton (1642- 1727) Very smart fellow: -developed his own branch of physics (Newtonian) -developed a new type of math to explain his physics (calculus) -came up with three laws of motion (which will be discussed later)

33. How do pairs of forces affect an object? That depends-

34. If the forces are BALANCED (equal in size and opposite in direction) then the velocity of the object WILLNOTCHANGE

35. UNBALANCED If the forces are (stronger in one direction than another) then the velocity of the object WILLCHANGE!

36. this will result in a Net Force the strength and direction of the strongest force the strength and direction of the weakest force minus

37. For example… 25N of force 100N of Force Net Force = 75N of Force

38. by the way… - a net force always changes the velocity of an object and - an object will always travel in the direction of the strongest force

39. Inertia - a force that causes an object to resist changes in its motion Or, to put it another way…

40. An object at rest will remain at rest until something makes it move An object in motion will remain in motion until something makes it stop. AND…

41. Also….. the more mass an object has, the more inertia it has More inertia Less inertia

42. Newton’s First Law of Motion “An object at rest will remain at rest unless a net force acts upon it AND an object moving at a constant velocity will remain moving at that velocity unless a net force acts on it.” Also known as the Law of Inertia

43. Friction - a force that opposes motion - occurs between two surfaces that are touching the amount of friction that occurs depends on two factors:

44. 1.) the types of surfaces that are touching (rougher, smoother, etc.) More frictionLess friction

45. 2.) the amount of force pressing the two surfaces together (the more the force, the more the friction) More Force/ More FrictionLess Force / Less Friction

46. Gravity A force that attracts every object in the universe to every other object in the universe. Sir Isaac Newton

47. The strength of the gravitational pull depends on two things:

48. 1.) the masses of the objects involved (the more massive, the greater the gravitational pull) More gravitational pull Less gravitational pull

49. 2.) the distance between the objects (the closer the objects, the greater the gravitational pull) More gravitational pull Less gravitational pull

50. Weight a measure of the pull of gravity on an object - it is related to mass, but not the same thing

51. - is measured (scientifically) in Newtons (N) Named after Or (I can’t remember which…)

52. 1 kilogram (kg) of mass weighs 9.8N (on earth) 1 kilogram - since gravity varies from place to place, weight also varies from place to place