1. © INTECHNICA 2008 1 Renewable Energy Supported by: The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

2. © INTECHNICA 2008 2 What European Union has done to promote Gigawatt scale clean energy: EU renewable energy targets have been in place since 1997 In March 2007, EU leaders reached a binding agreement that 20% of the 27 member countries’ energy should be produced from renewable sources by 2020 Individual countries have large incentives for RE* development, including renewable portfolio standards, feed in tariffs, capital subsidies, and other fiscal incentives A 2004 Spanish Royal Decree established a feedin tariff for PV** electricity ( 100 kWp *Renewable Energy **Photovoltaic ***Kilowatt peak Renewable Energies

3. © INTECHNICA 2008 3 Sun energy production Example: Germany energy input in one year: 1,000 kWh/m² 1000 kWh  100 l Oil surface of Germany: 357.093 km 2 Oil energy equivalent -> 35.709.290.000.000 l Oil Renewable Energies

4. © INTECHNICA 2008 4 Construction Of Flat-Plate pipe with heat transfer medium insulation collector housing transparent cover absorber collector pipe for rejection of heat Renewable Energies

5. © INTECHNICA 2008 5 Technological Aspects Dimensioning - Photovoltaic if possible south – up to 50° deviation to east or west is unproblematic Orientation Collector gradient 10 ° to 60° is optimal, but 90° (front) is possible too. Module expanse Specific annual return 1 kW peak equals 10 m² roughly 800-900 kWh per kW peak Renewable Energies

6. © INTECHNICA 2008 6 Renewable Energies DHW = Domestic hot water

7. © INTECHNICA 2008 7 Wood Fuels Pellets – standardized quality – highly concentrated energy – costs are a little higher Wood chips –usually available in neighborhood – inexpensive – more room needed for storage – variable quality Pellets Renewable Energies

8. © INTECHNICA 2008 8 Market Trend Renewable Energies Energy cost in Germany Heating oil Natural gas Pellets

9. © INTECHNICA 2008 9 Current Generated By Wood Pellets Renewable Energies Wood Pellets Stirling machine

10. © INTECHNICA 2008 10 Substrate application in agricultural bio gas plants (2005-2007) Renewable Energies

11. © INTECHNICA 2008 11 Dry-fermentation plants with garage fermenters Renewable Energies

12. © INTECHNICA 2008 12 Compensation for electricity in Germany (EEG) Renewable Energies CHP = Combined heat and power = Cogeneration

13. © INTECHNICA 2008 13 Scheme of a geothermal heating plant Renewable Energies 3000 m

14. © INTECHNICA 2008 14 Borehole Heat Exchanger Renewable Energies Heating performance 45... 70 W / m Cooling entry heat 30... 60 W / m depth up to 100 m Investment: about 60 € per drill-meter (installed to basis)

15. © INTECHNICA 2008 15 Ground Heat Collector Renewable Energies Heating performance 25... 40 W / m Cooling Not usable depth up to 1,2-1,4 m Investment: about 350 € per kW-Heat or 10 – 13 € per m²