1. WESTERN EUROPE Political Geography

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn 10

3. England Scotland Wales Great Britain : Great Britain is the name of the island northwest of France and east of Ireland that consists of three regions: Scotland, England, Wales https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10

4. England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland United Kingdom England is part of Great Britain, which is part of the United Kingdom. The U.K. includes England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland are not independent countries but the United Kingdom is. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWH0wPzzhtw

5. POLITICAL STRAIN OF WORLD WAR I Naval blockade of Germany  Germans were dependent on imports  Government had to find other means of getting goods to their citizens Treaty of Versailles  Blame placed on Germany  Germany was forced to pay $31.5 billion dollars  Shrink the size of their military  Give up portions of their country to Bulgaria, France, Poland, Denmark, and Czechoslovakia

6. BERLIN WALL After World War II Germany became 2 different countries  West Germany and East Germany West Germany was Democratic  Flourished and was one of the most prosperous countries in Europe East Germany was a Communist  Life was controlled by the Soviets

7. BERLIN WALL Berlin Wall - 1961  Built by the East Germans  Blocked the Western influence from entering the East German Soviet side  Prevented emigration from East to West Fall of the Berlin Wall - 1989  East German allowed the Eastern people to begin to migrate to Western Germany https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmRPP2W XX0U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmRPP2W XX0U

8. VATICAN CITY One of the smallest countries in the world Headquarters of Roman Catholic Church Home to the Pope Theocratic government system What political complications could arise for a country which is located within the political boundaries of another country? What is a theocratic government? http://www.history.com/topics/vatican- city/videos/history-of-vatican-city

9. EUROPEAN UNION Most countries in Western Europe are part of the European Union So what does it mean to be a part of the European union? Common Currency Common Market Common Government No borders to hinder trade and travel What problems might open borders create? What problems might be created by a shared currency? https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=O37yJBFRrfg

11. MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE EU Austria (1995) Belgium (1952) Bulgaria (2007) Croatia (2013) Cyprus (2004) Czech Republic (2004) Denmark (1973) Estonia (2004) Finland (1995) France (1952) Germany (1952) Greece (1981) Hungary (2004) Ireland (1973) Italy (1952) Latvia (2004) Lithuania (2004) Luxembourg (1952) Malta (2004) Netherlands (1952) Poland (2004) Portugal (1986) Romania (2007) Slovakia (2004) Slovenia (2004) Spain (1986) Sweden (1995) United Kingdom (1973)

12. LEAVING THE EU Greenland  1985 – European Economic Community (EEC)  The predecessor to the EU Algeria  1962 – Gained independence from France United Kingdom – The Brexit  2017? Planning to have referendum to stay or leave the EU  Referendum  EU is too big (jumped from 15-25 members) and UK believes that new rules and regulations need to be set

13. CANDIDATE COUNTRIES OF THE EU Albania Iceland Montenegro Serbia The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey Why would Iceland want to be part of the EU?

14. UK VS. EU WHAT REFORMS IS DAVID CAMERON HOPING TO MAKE? MR. CAMERON HAS NOT REVEALED THE FULL DETAILS BUT ON TUESDAY PUBLISHED A LETTER SETTING OUT FOUR MAIN AIMS: Integration: Allowing Britain to opt out from the EU's founding ambition to forge an "ever closer union" of the peoples of Europe so it will not be drawn into further political integration Sovereignty: Giving greater powers to national parliaments to block EU legislation. The UK supports a "red card" system allowing member states to scrap, as well as veto, unwanted directives. But this may only be triggered by states acting together, not the UK acting alone

15. Benefits: Restricting access to in-work and out-of-work benefits to EU migrants. Specifically, ministers want to stop those coming to the UK from claiming certain benefits and housing until they have been resident for four years. But the European Commission, which runs the EU, has said such a move would be "highly problematic". Ministers have reportedly been warned by the UK's top civil servant this could be discriminatory and any limits may be reduced to less than a year Eurozone v the rest: Securing an explicit recognition that the euro is not the only currency of the European Union, to ensure countries outside the Eurozone are not materially disadvantaged. The UK wants safeguards that steps to further financial union cannot be imposed on non-Eurozone members and the UK will not have to contribute to Eurozone bailouts WHAT REFORMS IS DAVID CAMERON HOPING TO MAKE? MR. CAMERON HAS NOT REVEALED THE FULL DETAILS BUT ON TUESDAY PUBLISHED A LETTER SETTING OUT FOUR MAIN AIMS: UK VS. EU

16. Why do they want the UK to leave? They believe Britain is being held back by the EU, which they say imposes too many rules on business and charges billions of pounds a year in membership fees for little in return. They also want Britain to take back full control of its borders and reduce the number of people coming here to work. One of the main principles of EU membership is "free movement", which means you don't need to get a visa to go and live in another EU country. They also object to the idea of "ever closer union" and the belief that the ultimate goal is to create a "United States of Europe".

17. UK VS. EU Why do they want the UK to stay? They believe Britain gets a big boost from EU membership - it makes selling things to other EU countries easier and, they argue, the flow of immigrants, most of whom are young and keen to work, fuels economic growth and helps pay for public services. They also believe Britain's status in the world would be damaged by leaving.

18. YOU DECIDE You are a citizen of the UK, it is time for your voice to be heard. On a separate sheet of paper, write down if you would like to stay in the EU or leave the EU. Give a 2 sentence explanation of why you want to stay or leave.

19. Can you name these United Kingdom countries? 123 4 5

20. England Scotland Wales Great Britain United Kingdom

21. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY LECTURE NOTES United Kingdom= England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales Great Britain= England, Scotland, and Wales European Union  Eliminates tariffs and borders between member countries allowing the free flow of people and goods.  Created to maintain peace and unity among European nations