1. The American Revolution Georgia Studies Notes

2. Georgia’s Beginnings Georgia began as a Trustee Colony with its original charter in 1732. Georgia began as a Trustee Colony with its original charter in 1732. The Trustee Period lasted from 1733 to 1752. The Trustee Period lasted from 1733 to 1752. Plans for City of Savannah

3. Royal Georgia Georgia’s Royal Period lasted from 1752 - 1783

4. Leaders John Reynolds – first royal governor (ineffective) John Reynolds – first royal governor (ineffective) Henry Ellis – second royal governor (established foundation for government) Henry Ellis – second royal governor (established foundation for government) James Wright – third royal governor (efficient and popular) James Wright – third royal governor (efficient and popular) James Wright

5. JOHN REYNOLDS 1st Royal Governor Elected October 1, 1754 Introduced the idea of self-government. Why? Because he wanted the colonists to help run the government.

6. Governor Henry Ellis 1757 A Thinking Man Political Accomplishment Cooperation among various groups Sought the advice of colonists Carolina Governor Economical New immigrants Economic prosperity Left due to ill health

7. Georgia’s Third and Final Royal Governor kSir James Wright - 20 years iBorn in South Carolina (colonist) kAccomplishments iEconomic iFinished the defenses for the colony i improved Education kSir James Wright - 20 years iBorn in South Carolina (colonist) kAccomplishments iEconomic iFinished the defenses for the colony i improved Education

8. Mercantilism Colonists did not like this system because it did not allow free trade with other countries. They had to pay more for their products and received less for their goods.

9. Rule changes from Trustee to Royal Colony Georgia Trustee Georgia : 1.Colonists could own up to 500 acres, had to have a man/servant per 50 acres. 2.Women could not own land. 3.Could not sell land. Trustee Georgia : 1.Colonists could own up to 500 acres, had to have a man/servant per 50 acres. 2.Women could not own land. 3.Could not sell land. Royal Georgia: 1.Unlimited land holdings. 2.Women could now own land. 3.Land could be sold.

10. Slavery Royal Georgia lifted the ban on slavery because the colonists were frustrated by the success of their neighbors to the north who were becoming prosperous under slavery Royal Georgia lifted the ban on slavery because the colonists were frustrated by the success of their neighbors to the north who were becoming prosperous under slavery Slave ship

11. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR CAUSES 1.GREED - countries wanted to capture the most land in New World and control the treasures of the territory. 2.FEAR - countries feared that one country would gain more power than others. 3.English colonists were invading(settling land in the Ohio River Valley, this was a French possession

12. Who was on each side? FRANCE (with the help of the Western tribes) Vs. GREAT BRITAIN (with the help of the 6 tribes of the Iroquois) Hence the name…The French and Indian War

14. Tension Builds War Erupts  Ohio River Valley was being disputed. Virginia wanted this region for expansion.  Trade Disputes - British were trading with Native Americans that previously had only traded with the French. England and the Colonists won the war. It lasted 7 years and created a considerable debt for Great Britain.  Ohio River Valley was being disputed. Virginia wanted this region for expansion.  Trade Disputes - British were trading with Native Americans that previously had only traded with the French. England and the Colonists won the war. It lasted 7 years and created a considerable debt for Great Britain.

15. Boundaries After the French & Indian War, the southern boundary was set to the St. Mary’s River & the western boundary was set at the Mississippi River After the French & Indian War, the southern boundary was set to the St. Mary’s River & the western boundary was set at the Mississippi River

16. The Proclamation of 1763 Forbade colonists from settling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. Forbade colonists from settling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. Issued by King George III to stabilize relations between Great Britain and Native American tribes ( they could not afford to fight another costly war with the Native Americans over territory ). Issued by King George III to stabilize relations between Great Britain and Native American tribes ( they could not afford to fight another costly war with the Native Americans over territory ). Angered many colonist who had hopes of gaining new land ( many simply ignored the Proclamation and settled the new lands anyway ). Angered many colonist who had hopes of gaining new land ( many simply ignored the Proclamation and settled the new lands anyway ).

17. The Stamp Act 1765 French and Indian War had been costly for the British. In order to help pay for the war, the British government, and members of Parliament placed new taxes on the colonies. French and Indian War had been costly for the British. In order to help pay for the war, the British government, and members of Parliament placed new taxes on the colonies. Being directly taxed for the first time, without colonial “representation” in the British Parliament, led to protests throughout the colonies. Being directly taxed for the first time, without colonial “representation” in the British Parliament, led to protests throughout the colonies. “No Taxation without Representation” “No Taxation without Representation” http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/james- wright http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/james- wright http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/james- wright http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/james- wright

18. The Intolerable Acts In response, to the Boston Tea Party, the British issued the Intolerable Acts In response, to the Boston Tea Party, the British issued the Intolerable Acts The British refused to repeal these acts until the tea was paid for. The British refused to repeal these acts until the tea was paid for.

19. The Intolerable Acts laws to punishment the colonies by King George III Port of Boston closed, except for British ships. Massachusetts colonists could not hold town meetings unless authorized by the Royal Governor. British officials accused of crimes were sent back to England to stand trial. British officials accused of crimes were sent back to England to stand trial. The Quartering Act, citizens of Massachusetts had to house and feed British soldiers at the citizens’ expense. (this one was so disapproved of that it is explicitly outlawed by the U.S. Bill of Rights)

20. The Intolerable Acts in GA Georgia colony divided loyalties. Georgia colony divided loyalties. Royal governor James Wright slowed down the reactions of the Georgia colonist. Royal governor James Wright slowed down the reactions of the Georgia colonist. Some colonist were outraged by the Intolerable Acts and loyal to the patriot cause, such as Noble W. Jones and Peter Tondee. Some colonist were outraged by the Intolerable Acts and loyal to the patriot cause, such as Noble W. Jones and Peter Tondee. Georgia was the only colony that did not send a representative to the First Continental Congress. Georgia was the only colony that did not send a representative to the First Continental Congress. Georgia was still dependent on Britain for goods and services. Georgia was still dependent on Britain for goods and services.

21. How did the colonists protest Petitions to the King Petitions to the King Open protests/demonstrations. Open protests/demonstrations. Burning British officials in Effigy Burning British officials in Effigy Boycotting British goods Boycotting British goods Some resorted to tarring and feathering British Tax Collectors. Some resorted to tarring and feathering British Tax Collectors.

22. Burning in Effigy

23. Georgia a Loyalist colony? Why was Georgia more Loyalist than the other colonies? 1. They were the youngest colony which meant that most of its residents were recent arrivals to Georgia from Britain. 2. Georgia was prospering during colonial rule….particularly the coastal regions of Georgia. Colonial Georgian’s did not see the need to revolt…unlike the other colonies.

24. Declaration of Independence Wrote by Thomas Jefferson Wrote by Thomas Jefferson Three Georgians, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton, attended the Second Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence. Three Georgians, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton, attended the Second Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence. All of the patriots who signed this document, put their lives on the line. All of the patriots who signed this document, put their lives on the line. The D of I was meant to be read by the entire world. The colonies wanted other countries to know that they were independent and open for trade. The D of I was meant to be read by the entire world. The colonies wanted other countries to know that they were independent and open for trade.

25. The six Causes of the American Revolution 1. The French and Indian war…created debt for Britain. The King decided to tax the colonists to pay for the war. 2. Proclamation of 1763-This angered the colonists because they were told that they would be allowed to settle Ohio after the war. 3. The Stamp Act-Colonists did not believe they should pay taxes if they were not allowed representation in the English Government.

26. Causes, cont. 4. The Boston Tea Party-Colonists angered over the tax on tea dumped 1 million dollars worth of tea in the Boston Harbor 5. Intolerable Acts-Britain’s punishment for the Boston Tea Party ignited anger throughout the colonies. 6. The Declaration of Independence- This document angered the King and committed all patriots who signed it to fight or die.

27. 27 Blacks in the American Revolution One of the men who fought alongside Elijah Clarke in the Battle of Kettle Creek was Austin Dabney (freeborn mulatto) One of the men who fought alongside Elijah Clarke in the Battle of Kettle Creek was Austin Dabney (freeborn mulatto) He had come from North Carolina with a man who did not want to serve in the militia, so he recommended Dabney serve in his place. He had come from North Carolina with a man who did not want to serve in the militia, so he recommended Dabney serve in his place. Dabney served honorably and was wounded in battle. Dabney served honorably and was wounded in battle. After the war, veterans were given land to repay them for their service. Dabney was the only Black solder from Georgia to receive land. After the war, veterans were given land to repay them for their service. Dabney was the only Black solder from Georgia to receive land.

28. 28 Nancy Hart Georgia’s most famous war heroine Georgia’s most famous war heroine In 1771, Hart’s neighbor, John Dooley, was murdered by Tories. In 1771, Hart’s neighbor, John Dooley, was murdered by Tories. A few days later, five Tories stopped by Mrs. Hart’s house & demanded she feed them dinner. A few days later, five Tories stopped by Mrs. Hart’s house & demanded she feed them dinner. She overheard them bragging about the murder. She overheard them bragging about the murder. She gave them whiskey to drink and sent her daughters to get help. She gave them whiskey to drink and sent her daughters to get help. As she served them, Nancy Hart quietly took their rifles As she served them, Nancy Hart quietly took their rifles One of the men noticed when she took the third rifle One of the men noticed when she took the third rifle When they went after her, Mrs. Hart shot one of the men & took another rifle and held the rest at gunpoint until help arrived. When they went after her, Mrs. Hart shot one of the men & took another rifle and held the rest at gunpoint until help arrived. The rest of the Tories were eventually put on trial and hanged. The rest of the Tories were eventually put on trial and hanged.

29. 29 Battle of Kettle Creek Morale in the colonies was low Morale in the colonies was low February 1779 – Georgia finally had a victory February 1779 – Georgia finally had a victory Rebel group led by Colonel Elijah Clarke defeated a force of more than 800 troops at the Battle of Kettle Creek Rebel group led by Colonel Elijah Clarke defeated a force of more than 800 troops at the Battle of Kettle Creek This battle was a minor one, but very important to GA This battle was a minor one, but very important to GA Gave the troops much needed weapons & horses from British soldiers Gave the troops much needed weapons & horses from British soldiers Improved morale of militia Improved morale of militia