1. Basic Information Technology Lecturer: Ms. Farwah Ahmad

2. Kicking off….. Class Rules – On Time – Disciplined – Participative – Decide what will happen if any of the above rule is violated? Grading Policy – Mid-Term 25% – Final Exam 50% – Teacher Evaluation 25% Class participation/Attendence 5% Assignment/Quiz 10% Project 10%

3. COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEM Chapter 2:

4. System Components

6. PEOPLE

7. Two categories - Computer Users - Computer Professionals  Computer Users Driving force behind the development of computer system Applies the information produced by computer Responsible for data entry, Computer operations and utilizing the resulting input  Further subdivided Informed User : How the components of a computer system work together to perform a task User-developers : Who design and test their own computer application People

8. ……..People  Computer Professionals People who work directly with development and operation of computer technology Help users design computer assisted solutions Management of data End-user training  Career Opportunities for computer professionals System development Computer salespeople : Help new user which software and hardware best meet their need System analyst : Work with users in developing computer systems that satisfy specific requirements. Programmers: Translate program specification and requirements, written by a team of analyst and users into the computer program.  Program Revisions

9. ……..People Operations Help desks staff : Professionals who answer questions user may have and to respond to emergencies Network engineers: Responsible for keeping hardware and software working for connected users Computer Operators: Ensure that all equipment is functioning properly and responsible for daily maintenance of devices Data librarian: Catalog and store important tapes and disks. Management Information system manager : To ensure that the computer resources of an organization are used effectively. - To look at opportunities for improvement - To detect inefficiencies and illegal uses of the system.

10. DATA

11. Raw facts about people, things, ideas and events Organizing data - Field - Records: Related group of fields - File:Groups similar records that can be summarized - Database: Objects - Self contained data items that have meaning by themselves are sometimes referred to as an object

12. Example of Database

13. Garbage in Garbage out GIGO: used to express the idea that in computing and other fields, incorrect or poor-quality input will produce faulty output. Examples: Your mother flight reservation back from Mexico is not listed on the airline’s computer reservation but she has a ticket When she applies for a loan your sister is told that she has a bad credit rating (but she has never applied for credit before) This month telephone bill is $36,600

14. Garbage in Garbage out

15. PROCEDURES

16. Procedures Systematic courses of action that help people use software, data and hardware Third component of computer system Help new user understand how to work with computer system? Further subdivided into  Operating Procedures  Emergency Procedures

17. Procedures Turning on all the hardware components of a computer system Formatting a new disk Running an application program Inputting text and scanning related photographs Verifying the correctness and completeness of the data entered Saving the input on a formatted disk Preparing the printer for output Printing a document Copying data files onto a second disk as backup Turning off the hardware

18. Operating Procedures - Procedures used to turn on the machine - Instructions on locating, copying, and erasing files Further subdivided Communication Procedures: Link one computer to others and facilitate sending data among them Data entry procedures: Describe the preparation and input of data Error recovery procedures: Respond to and eliminate processing errors Preventive maintenance procedures: Help keep the computer and other hardware in good operating conditions Backup Procedures: Making a copy of data and information onto a disk or tape

19. Emergency Procedures -Enable people to recover important data & start the system working again Further subdivided into Troubleshooting Procedures: To locate the cause of the crash Diagnostic software: To track down malfunctioning components in a computer

20. HARDWARE

21. Hardware  Input Hardware – To enter data into the computer Keyboard Mouse Scanner  Processing Hardware - Computer itself is a processing hardware Personal computer Minicomputer, Mainframe computer

22. Hardware

23. Processing Hardware

24. Hardware  Output Hardware Processed information is provided to the user through output hardware Monitor: Displays information on a screen for temporary use Printer: Delivers copies of output on paper for distribution or long term use  Storage Hardware Disk - Floppy disk - Hard disk Tape drive These drives can save (write) data on a tape or disk and copy (read) it back into the computer’s memory upon command

25. SOFTWARE

26. Software Instruct hardware how to conduct processing Determines the order in which operation are performed Business applications Video games Personal productivity software Allow the user to apply the computer to common problems and tasks and individual may have They are sold in a packages that contain the program itself A copyright agreement A user manual with operating instructions

27. Application software Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end users. Complete, self-contained computer program that performs a specific useful task, other than system maintenance functions (which are performed by utility programs). Called 'Apps' for short, application programs are the most familiar forms of software and come in a very wide variety of types (such as accounting programs, database programs, graphics and illustration programs, word processing programs). Also called application software

28. Application Software Word processing program: Expedite report and letter writing Electronic spreadsheets: Create documents containing numbers organized into rows and columns for processing and analysis.. Graphic packages: Generate pictures, drawings, charts and diagrams on- screen or on paper. Databases: Software that sets up and maintains related data files - Assist users in organizing data to answer questions and solve problems

29. System software System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs. If we think of the computer system as a layered model, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications.

30. Software  System software Controls internal computer activities Operating system: Collection of system programs that aid in the operation of a compute. Collection of programs that oversees all the computer operations When a program is first turned on, one of the system programs is booted into the computer’s memory.

31. Operating Systems  An Operating System is the most essential system software that manages the operation of a computer. Without an operating system, it is not possible to use computer. The computer is useless unless it is provided essential software that makes it ready to use. An operating system is software, which makes the computer ready to use by a process called booting. Before discussing the types of operating systems, let us first see what booting exactly means.  When we switch on the computer, the instructions stared in ROM are automatically executed. These instructions help the computer to load the operating system from external storage device (disk) to internal storage (RAM). This process of loading of operating system from disk to RAM is called booting.

32. System software controls Application software

33. QUIZ Q:1 Why should people avoid giving up decision-making responsibilities to computer? Q:2 How do the skills of a user-developer differ from those of an informed user? Q:3 How are each of these procedures used: Operating, Data entry, Preventive maintenance, backup, emergency and troubleshooting?