1. Maintaining Scientific Rigor and Enhancing Discovery Philip E. Bourne, PhD, FACMI Associate Director for Data Science The National Institutes of Health http://www.slideshare.net/pebourne philip.bourne@nh.gov

2. Making Biomedical Research More Like Airbnb Philip E. Bourne, PhD, FACMI Associate Director for Data Science The National Institutes of Health http://www.slideshare.net/pebourne philip.bourne@nh.gov

3. I am not crazy, hear me out Airbnb is a platform that supports a trusted relationship between consumer (renter) and supplier (host) The platform focuses on maximizing the exchange of services between supplier and consumer and maximizing the amount of trust associated with a given stakeholder It seems to be working: 60 million users searching 2 million listings in 192 countries Average of 500,000 stays per night. Evaluation of US $25bn

4. Is not biomedical research the same?

5. Why a comparison to Airbnb is not fair Airbnb was born digital The exchange of services on Airbnb are simple compared to what is required of a platform to support biomedical research Nevertheless there is much to be learnt

6. Is not biomedical research the same?

7. Author Submission via the WebDepositor Submission via the Web Syntax Checking Review by Scientists & Editors Review by Annotators Corrections by Author Corrections by Depositor Publish – Web Accessible Release – Web Accessible Similar Processes Lead to Similar Resources Bourne, PLoS Comp. Biol. 2005 1(3) e34 de Waard Nature Proceedings 2010 10101/npre.2010.4742.1

8. What is different is the perceived value of each to the research enterprise. That value difference is diminishing in part because of openness, accessibility, policy, governance, increased data reuse and lets not forget other forms of madness…

9. The Analog-Digital Data Knowledge Cycle P.E. Bourne, 2016, There is No Intelligent Life Down There

10. Paper AuthorPaper Reader Data ProviderData Consumer Employer Employee Reagent ProviderReagent Consumer Software ProviderSoftware Consumer Grant WriterGrant Reviewer Supplier ConsumerPlatform MS Project Google Drive Coursera Researchgate Academia.edu Open Science Framework Synapse F1000 Rio Educator Student Platforms - The Situation Today

11. In summary there is not currently a widely adopted single platform for the exchange of services in biomedical research. Either there is a platform per service or no platform at all. Why have we not done better and what are the impediments today?

12. Impediments to a biomedical platform Current work practices by all stakeholders Entrenched business models Size of the undertaking aka resources needed Trust Incentives to use the platform http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnhall/2013/04/29/10-barriers-to- employee-innovation/#8bdbaa811133

13. The NIH through the Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) is experimenting with a platform, keeping in mind the need to overcome these impediments Enter The Commons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ealing_Common#/media/File:Eali ng_Common_-_geograph.org.uk_-_17075.jpg

14. Paper AuthorPaper Reader Data ProviderData Consumer Employer Employee Reagent ProviderReagent Consumer Software ProviderSoftware Consumer Grant WriterGrant Reviewer Supplier ConsumerPlatform MS Project Google Drive Coursera Researchgate Academia.edu Open Science Framework Synapse F1000 Rio Educator Student Commons – Initial focus is on integrating two layers of the scholarly workflow

15. Commons Topology Compute Platform: Cloud or HPC Services: APIs, Containers, Indexing, Software: Services & Tools scientific analysis tools/workflows Data “Reference” Data Sets User defined data Digital Object Compliance App store/User Interface PaaS SaaS IaaS https://datascience.nih.gov/commons

16. Commons Compliance Treat products of research – data, methods, papers etc. as digital objects These digital objects exist in a shared virtual space Digital object compliance through FAIR principles: Findable Accessible (and usable) Interoperable Reusable

17. NIH + Community defined data sets possible FOAs and CCM BD2K Centers, MODS, HMP & Interoperability Supplements Cloud credits model (CCM) BioCADDIE/Other Indexing NCI & NIAID Cloud Pilots Compute Platform: Cloud or HPC Services: APIs, Containers, Indexing, Software: Services & Tools scientific analysis tools/workflows Data “Reference” Data Sets User defined data Digital Object Compliance App store/User Interface Mapping BD2K Activities to the Commons Topology https://datascience.nih.gov/commons

18. Incentives Airbnb Monetize unutilized space Ease of use New vacation experience Commons Need to improve rigor and reproducibility Productivity Sustainability Education and training Opportunity to undertake elastic compute on large complex data

19. Summary NIH has endorsed the Commons and the FAIR principles The Commons is the beginnings of a platform from which to conduct biomedical research Over the next 1-2 years we are conducting pilots to evaluate the feasibility of the Commons If feasible the intent is to expand into additional layers of the scholarly research lifecycle

20. “I really admire Airbnb as a pioneer of the sharing economy and for building community. They've found an elegant way to help hosts make more money and for guests to have authentic experiences. It brings those people together in a unique way. “ Logan Green

21. “The Commons is an effort at creating a sharing economy and for building community. We hope for a more cost effective and productive research environment while bringing people together in a unique way. “ Phil Bourne

22. Speaking of a shared economy… You are invited to contribute to a shared document that describes this concept.. You will be acknowledged and the document put forward for NIH clearance to be blogged/preprinted/published…. https://docs.google.com/document/d/18WHyn cBSvMNkD2h98eXf6BF7D_6fG_Ysi2ecInEId R4/edit#heading=h.ybszlhx51mar

23. Acknowledgements ADDS Office: Vivien Bonazzi, Jennie Larkin, Michelle Dunn, Mark Guyer, Allen Dearry, Sonynka Ngosso, Tonya Scott, Lisa Dunneback, Vivek Navale (CIT/ADDS) NCBI: George Komatsoulis NHGRI: Valentina di Francesco NIGMS: Susan Gregurick CIT: Debbie Sinmao, Andrea Norris NIH Common Fund: Jim Anderson, Betsy Wilder, Leslie Derr NCI Cloud Pilots/ GDC: Warren Kibbe, Tony Kerlavage, Tanja Davidsen Commons Reference Data Set Working Group: Weiniu Gan (HL), Ajay Pillai (HG), Elaine Ayres, (BITRIS), Sean Davis (NCI), Vinay Pai (NIBIB), Maria Giovanni (AI), Leslie Derr (CF), Claire Schulkey (AI) RIWG Core Team: Ron Margolis (DK), Ian Fore, (NCI), Alison Yao (AI), Claire Schulkey (AI), Eric Choi (AI) OSP: Dina Paltoo, Kris Langlais, Erin Luetkemeier, Agnes Rooke,

24. NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health philip.bourne@nih.gov https://datascience.nih.gov// http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/staff/bourne/