1. Library Resources & Services for Optometry Sandra A. Martin, M.L.I.S. Health Sciences Resource Coordinator John Vaughan Library Room 306B marti004@nsuok.edumarti004@nsuok.edu – 918.444.3263

2. 2 Information at Point of Need “We believe the best use of information technology provides health care information at the point of need and in the manner in which it can best be utilized.”

3. Sandra Provides…. Instruction Research Assistance Customized Information Services Database Searches Collection Development (Selection of books, journals, databases, etc.) Help with RUSH delivery of ILL requests Assistance with any Optometry-related information need

4. Optometry Web Page Databases, e-journals, e-books, and other tools available 24/7 Support research, teaching, and patient care needs of NSUCO faculty, students, and residents Starting point to find resources for all vision science and medical topics http://library.nsuok.edu/collegeop/index.html

6. Objectives To provide a mechanism for faculty and students to access the most current vision science and medically related information To familiarize faculty and students with specific information resources and library services to support research, teaching, and patient care needs To familiarize faculty and students with evidence-based eye care and life-long learning skills

7. Remote Access Enter NT-NSU user id and password to access the library’s electronic resources Contact Tom Tinnell if you have problems with your user id or password Click on “Technical Help” button from library’s Optometry web page for help with other technical problems Click on “Optometry Librarian” button for help with searching resources

8. Subject Databases Most frequently used resources to find journal articles on Vision Science related subjects and topics, such as, glaucoma or allergic conjunctivitis Full text and citations (author, title, journal, abstract) provided Available to NSUCO students, residents, and faculty 24/7

9. MD Consult Consolidates e-books, e-journals, drug information, patient education materials, images, and news updates in a single source Especially useful for drug monographs (for professionals and for patients) and peer reviewed patient education handouts In addition to journal articles from MEDLINE includes in-depth, full text reviews and overviews (recommended results) of commonly searched topics

10. Ovid MEDLINE U. S. National Library of Medicine’s premier database that contains over 16 million citations to journal articles in medicine, nursing, allied health, and basic sciences as they relate to health care OvidSP software provides useful tools to filter search results and target information for precise clinical research needs Full text of major Vision Science journals. Pay-per-view access to hundreds of medical and pharmacology journals provided by the library to residents and faculty

11. VisionCite (ICO) and Visionet (SCO) Citations to articles in Optometry journals not found in MEDLINE Links to some full text in VisionCite. Especially useful to locate articles on vision therapy, visual training, etc. Visionet best for pre-1992 journal articles not found in VisionCite

12. Native American Health Native Health Databases contains citations and abstracts of health-related reports, articles, surveys and other documents National Library of Medicine web site includes American Indian Health database as well as hundreds of free resources on wide range of biomedical topics

13. Tutorials Ovid MEDLINE Basic and Ovid MEDLINE Advanced present strategies by increasing levels of complexity Ovid Basic – quick searches of one topic or broad question for a few, current articles Ovid Advanced – complex searches of two or more concepts when precise retrieval is important Download latest version of Flash player and complete tutorials before you search MEDLINE

14. Optometry Journal List Updated in January and July Includes Optometry and Vision Science journal titles in current Library subscription, print or online Call numbers provided for print journals Database provided for online journals Read Notes. List includes “selected” not all journal titles available in print or online

15. Optometry E-Journals by Title Links to databases that contain online journal titles in library subscription Search this section when you know the title, year, volume, of the journal When good citation is not available in subject database search (e.g., Ovid full text), scan Optometry Journal List to locate the journal in another database (e.g., Science Direct)

16. Ovid Pay-per-View Provides access to specialized medical and pharmacology journals not in library’s subscription Use link to MEDLINE from “Residents & Faculty” button on Optometry web page Follow pay-per-view instructions or contact Sandra for more information Costs are covered by the library for this service

18. Steps to Obtain Full Text Journal Articles from Ovid MEDLINE Search OVID Databases  Search MEDLINE from link on Residents & Faculty Page  Print or Save full text in Ovid  Print or Save pay-per-view full text if applicable  Print list of citations of relevant articles not in Ovid full text Consult Optometry Journal List to find articles in journals not in Ovid full text  Locate print journals by call number  Locate e-Journals by database, e.g., Science Direct  Print, Save, or Photocopy articles in JVL collections Use Interlibrary loan to obtain articles from journals not in our collections

19. Print Journal Collection at JVL Most titles located on the 2d Floor Some series titles located on the 3d Floor with the books Check Optometry Journal List for call numbers Check library catalog for titles not found on journal list Scanner & Printer located on 1 st and 2d Floors

20. Point of Care Databases Full text of evidence-based, clinical decision support tools, expert summaries of original studies, and systematic reviews Full text resources of “critically appraised” content Useful to answer clinical questions as they arise in practice

21. E-Books Complete text and images available in major reference works MD Consult – 50 titles including Yanoff’s Ophthalmology. Books@Ovid – Lippincott titles including Duane’s Ophthalmology Access Medicine – Top medical and basic sciences titles including Harrison’s Online, Goodman & Gilman’s Pharmacology, and Lange handbooks Stat!Ref – Titles from several publishers in medicine, pharmacology, nursing, and allied health

22. Print Books Library collects almost all titles published by Elsevier in Optometry and Ophthalmology Search Elsevier web page for forthcoming titles – http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/specialty.jsp?lid=1&sid=978 http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/specialty.jsp?lid=1&sid=978 Search Library Catalog or New Books list for titles added to our collection Book collection located on 3d Floor

23. Consumer Health Full text patient education handouts MedlinePlus and MD Consult provide current, authoritative, peer-reviewed information Include images and links to trusted web sites Comprehensive information written at 6 th grade level Some handouts in Spanish

25. John Vaughan Library Short walk from the Optometry building Comprehensive print and online collections Friendly, welcoming staff Open until 2:00 a.m. Monday-Thursday and Sundays during regular academic periods Hours posted at http://library.nsuok.edu/Admin/libhrs.html http://library.nsuok.edu/Admin/libhrs.html Wireless Access - use your laptop or check one out at Reserve Desk Large study areas and comfortable furniture on all floors Café open during all building hours

26. Services and Collections 1 st Floor – Reference, Reserves, Audiovisuals, Circulation, Computer Labs 2d Floor – Journals, Periodicals, Interlibrary Loan, Special Collections 3d Floor – Books, Government Documents, Optometry Librarian Books & Journals shelved by Library of Congress call numbers. Most Vision Science titles found in R, RE, and Q areas

27. Interlibrary Loan/Document Delivery Services  Delivery of journal articles, books, and other items not owned by the library  Delivery of journal articles in the library’s print collection  Delivery of journal articles in electronic format if possible ILL Requests  Click on Interlibrary Loan button from Optometry Web Page  Create the online Iliad Profile  Place online request Special Needs  Contact Sandra ASAP with questions, problems, or special needs

28. ILL/Document Delivery Staff Donna Graham – x3243 – L213 Renee Ridge – x3279 – L213B Emily Brown – x3298 – L211  Access Services Librarian

29. OU Health Sciences Libraries National Library of Medicine resource libraries Oklahoma City and Tulsa locations Check the web site for location, hours, etc.  http://library.ouhsc.edu/ http://library.ouhsc.edu/ Check the online catalog for item availability before you make the trip Print journals are shelved alphabetically by title. Scanning & printing available for a fee You can access databases and eJournals but not print. Download articles on a flash drive or email Guests are welcome - professional conduct rules apply

31. Information Pyramid UpToDate, Dynamed, FIRSTConsult, ACP PIER ACP Journal Club Evidence Based Ophthalmology Cochrane and other Systematic Reviews (OVID EBMR) MEDLINE Searches with Clinical Queries SOURCE: Haynes, R. B. (2001). Of studies, syntheses, synopses, and systems: the “4S” evolution of services for finding current best evidence. Evidence-Based Medicine, 6 (2), 36-38. Retrieved 2-07-07 from http://ebm.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/6/2/36 http://ebm.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/6/2/36

32. Critically Appraised Content

33. Appraisal Required by User

34. UpToDate Expert opinion and evidence-based, clinical decision support tool 60,000 pages of original text 7,000 topics in primary care and internal medicine 3,000 expert contributors Available at large medical institutions, IHS hospitals, VA hospitals

35. DynaMed Evidence-based, clinical decision support tool 2,000 up-to-date clinical topic summaries Information on etiology, directed history & physical findings, differential diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention Links to most common ICD-9 Codes Available at NSUCO

36. ACP PIER Evidence-based, clinical decision support tool 330 disease modules, 11 videos, and 14,000 pages of medical condition and diagnostic text with graphs and tables Integrated with STAT!Ref Available at NSUCO; Search Stat!Ref

37. FIRSTConsult Evidence-based, clinical decision support tool 1,500 diagnoses, 600 medical conditions, 300 signs & symptoms Differential diagnosis tool based on chief complaint Video clips of surgical procedures Integrates with MD Consult Trial passwords available from publisher

38. ACP Journal Club Expert summaries of original studies and systematic reviews from 150 journals Value-added abstracts commented on by clinical experts Commentaries on context, methods, and clinical applications of findings Available at NSUCO; Search All Evidence Based Medicine Reviews

39. Evidence Based Ophthalmology Quarterly journal includes reviews of 24 critically relevant articles from ocular literature Editorial board comprised of practicing physicians with expertise in epidemiology and clinical trials Available at NSU; Search NSU Journals@Ovid

40. Cochrane DSR Systematic reviews conducted by world-wide research group Limited to studies of prevention and therapeutic interventions Eyes & Vision Research Group Available at NSUCO; Search All Evidence Based Medicine Reviews

41. MEDLINE Searches Limit search results to study type –Double blind randomized controlled trials –Randomized controlled trials –Clinical trials In OVID, limit by Clinical Queries Appraise study for validity and relevance

42. Hierarchy of Information Resources Primary Literature  Original Studies MEDLINE in Ovid and MD Consult Secondary Literature  Narrative Reviews MD Consult and MEDLINE  Systematic Reviews Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; All Evidence Based Medicine Reviews  Evidence-Based Summaries ACP Journal Club Evidence-Based Ophthalmology (Journal)  Clinical Decision Support Tools Dynamed ACP Pier

43. Primary (Original) Studies Articles that report results of original research investigations Conclusions supported by data and reproducible methodology Good Source: MEDLINE (OVID)

44. Review Articles Background articles that provide an overview of current research Integrate recent advances with accepted practice Summarize – not original works May mix opinions/bias of the authors with evidence Good Source: MD Consult

45. Systematic Review Analyzes data from several primary studies to answer a specific clinical question Provides search strategies and resources used to locate studies Includes specific inclusion and exclusion criteria (results in less bias) Meta-Analysis (subclass) statistically summarizes results of several individual studies Good Source: Cochrane DSR; All Evidence Based Medicine Reviews

46. Characteristics of Information Retrieval for Patient Care Using research findings versus conducting research Retrieving and evaluating information that has direct application to specific patient care problems Selecting resources that are current, valid, and available at point of care Developing search strategies that are feasible within time constraints of clinical practice

47. Source: Martin, S. A., Shreeve, S. & Prislin, M. (1999). Development of a longitudinal patient-care oriented informatics curriculum featuring web-based instructional and assessment tools. Association of American Medical Colleges Annual Meeting. ©Sandra A. Martin

48. Evidence Based Medicine The incorporation of the highest quality of information, derived from scientific study, into the context of clinical care Steps  Defining an evidence-based question  Identifying and critically appraising the best available scientific evidence to answer the question  Deciding on the most appropriate course of action for a given patient

49. Evidence Based Questions Four basic types of clinical questions:  Diagnosis  Treatment/prevention  Etiology  Prognosis Certain types of clinical studies constitute highest level of evidence for each type of question

50. Randomized controlled trials are considered the best studies for assessing therapeutic interventions. Source: Sackett, D.L., Richardson, W.S., Rosenberg, W.M.C., & Haynes, R.B. (1996). Evidence-Based Medicine: How to practice and teach EBM. London: Churchill-Livingstone.

51. Levels of Evidence Grade the quality of evidence based on the design of the clinical study Variety of hierarchies in use Other variables to consider  Factors other than design strengthen validity Researcher’s reputation  Randomized controlled trials do not always exist to answer some questions Base decisions on next highest level of evidence Identify research gaps

52. American Academy of Family Physicians Rating System  Level A Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials including meta- analyses Good-quality randomized controlled trials  Level B Good-quality nonrandomized clinical trials Systematic reviews not in Level A Lower-quality randomized controlled trials not in Level A Other types of study: case control studies, clinical cohort studies, cross sectional studies, retrospective studies, and uncontrolled studies  Level C Evidence-based consensus statements and expert guidelines

53. Match Resource to Information Need What is the question? How will information be used?

54. Background vs. Foreground Questions Asking questions about your proposed topic helps to clarify your knowledge gap Type of question helps to determine which sources are most likely to have the answers you need

55. Background Questions Generally ask who, what, why, where or how about a single concept Examples:  What are the contraindications for the use of timolol to treat glaucoma?  What are the risk factors for glaucoma?

56. Answers to Background Questions Require general knowledge of disease and therapeutic processes Resources:  Ovid MEDLINE Basic Search  MD Consult Overviews, Review Articles  Reference books, monographs – online and print collections

57. Foreground Questions Usually compare two or more concepts – drugs, treatments, tests, prognosis of two groups, harms or benefits of two approaches, etc. Example:  Is latanoprost as effective as travoprost or bimatoprost in achieving 24-hour control of IOP in patients with POAG?

58. Answers to Foreground Questions Require precise information about complex issues Sources should provide current, original clinical research data  OVID MEDLINE – Clinical Queries  MD Consult MEDLINE – Limit to Diagnosis, Treatment, Etiology, Prognosis  Point of Care Databases

59. Life-Long Learning Selecting and searching online databases is challenging Information is ever changing Contact Sandra for help in person, by phone, or email

60. Contact Sandra for Help Click on the Optometry Librarian button from the Optometry web page Email: marti004@nsuok.edumarti004@nsuok.edu Phone: ext. 3263 or 918.444.3263 Location: Library Room 306B Call or send email to arrange appointment for research assistance – enter OPT or other identifying term in email subject line