1. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning VOLUME TWO | SECOND EDITION Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning VOLUME TWO | SECOND EDITION MODULE 42 Accountability

2. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Scope and Standards of Practice Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice  Standards of Practice  Standards of Professional Performance  Goal: To improve the health and well- being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice

3. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Standards of Practice Nursing standards provide the guidelines for implementing and evaluating nursing care. Six standards of practice:  Assessment  Diagnosis  Outcomes identification  Planning  Implementation  Evaluation

4. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Standards of Professional Performance Ethics Quality of Practice Professional Practice Evaluation EducationCommunicationResources Evidence-Based Practice and Research LeadershipEnvironmental Health Collaboration

5. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition The Concept of Accountability Accountability  Nurses are accountable for their own actions; may also be accountable for the actions of their subordinates or trainees Responsibility  Nurses are responsible for the duties of a particular role

6. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition The Concept of Accountability, continued Standards of Practice  Description of responsibilities  Minimal level to ensure safe, effective care

7. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Decision Making Encompasses  Responsibility: duties and activities an individual is employed to perform  Autonomy: independent decisions about patient care  Authority: legitimate power to give commands and make final decisions specific to a given position  Accountability: answerable for the actions

8. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Nursing as a Profession Nursing is gaining recognition as a profession

9. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Criteria of a Profession Body of knowledge  Well-defined  Conceptual frameworks Service orientation  Differentiates nursing from occupations pursued primarily for profit  Guided by rules, policies, code of ethics Ongoing research  Evidence-based practice

10. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Criteria of a Profession, continued Code of ethics  Integrity of nursing profession Autonomy  Legal authority to define scope of practice  Independence at work, responsibility, accountability for one's actions Professional organization  Governance of nursing profession

11. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Socialization to Nursing Process of socialization  Learn to become member of groups, society Critical values of nursing  Develop, clarify, internalize professional values  Box 42-1 NSNA Code

12. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Factors Influencing Nursing Accountability Economics Consumer Demands Science and Technology Information and Telecommunications Legislation Demography Nursing Shortage

13. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Exemplar 42.1 Competence

14. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Overview Possessing knowledge, skills necessary to perform one's job appropriately and safely High standards of competence in today's world

15. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Areas of Competence Health and wellness promotion Illness prevention Health restoration Caring for the dying

16. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Promoting Lifelong Competence Maintaining and increasing competence

17. Copyright © 2015, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume Two, Second Edition Benner's Stages of Nursing Expertise Stage I, Novice Stage II, Advanced beginner Stage III, Competent Stage IV, Proficient Stage V, Expert Box 42-3 Stages of Nursing Expertise