1. Structure And Functional Localization Of The Cerebral Cortex Abdelfattah Khdeir M.D

2. The Highest Level In CNS

3. Cerebral Cortex Inherited – Learned Responces Gray Matter 10 Billions Neurons – 50 Billions Glial Cells Thickness 1.5 - 4.5 mm : Thickest VS Thinnest Weight: 600 gm (40 % of total brain weight) Weight: 600 gm (40 % of total brain weight) 180 gm --------- neurons 180 gm --------- neurons 420 gm --------- glial cells 420 gm --------- glial cells

4. Cerebral Neocortex

6. Pyramidal Cell

7. Betz Cells

8. Stellate Cells

9. Fusiform Cells

10. Horizontal Cells of Cajal

11. Martinotti Cells

12. Nerve Fibers Of Cerebral Cortex Radial Fibers Tangential Fibers Bands Of Baillarger – Inner / Outer Stria Of Gennari Striate Cortex

13. Layers Of Cerebral Cortex

14. I. Molecular Layer I. Molecular Layer II. External Granular Layer II. External Granular Layer III.External Pyramidal Layer III.External Pyramidal Layer Line of Kaes-Bechterew Line of Kaes-Bechterew IV.Internal Granular Layer IV.Internal Granular Layer Outer band of Baillarger - Line of Gennari in area 17 V. Internal Pyramidal Layer V. Internal Pyramidal Layer Giant pyramidal cell of Betz Inner Band of Baillarger VI. Polymorphic Layer VI. Polymorphic Layer

15. Cortical Column

16. Association Fibers

17. CommissuralCommissural Fibers The commissural fibers or transverse fibers connect the two hemispheres of the brain. They include:commissuralhemispheresbrain The transverse fibers of the corpus callosumcorpus callosum The anterior commissureanterior commissure The posterior commissureposterior commissure The lyra or hippocampal commissure.lyrahippocampal commissure Projection Fibers ??

18. Cortical Areas

19. Broadman’s Areas

20. Terms Aphasia : Language Dysfunction Agnosia : Receptive Dysability Apraxia : Motor Dysability

21. Motor Area

23. Primary Motor Area Lesion Contralateral Paralysis

24. Secondary Motor Area Lesion Skilled Movement

25. Jacksonian Epileptic Seizure

26. Muscle Spasticity Primary VS Secondary Motor area

27. Frontal Eye Field Lesion 6,8.,9

28. PreFrontal Cortex 9,10,11,12

29. PreFrontal Cortex

30. Expressive Aphasia

31. Frontal Lobectomy

32. Somatosensory Area

34. Primary Somesthetic Area Lesion Tempreture – Touch - Pressure

35. Astereognosis

36. Secondary Somesthetic Area Lesion Ignorance Opposite Side “ SupraMarginal 40 “ Pain

37. Primary Visual Area

38. Primary Visual Area Lesion

39. Secondary Visual Area Lesion Visual Agnosia

40. Primary Auditory Area Lesion

41. Secondary Auditory Area Lesion Word Deafness

42. Receptive Aphasia

43. Global Aphasia

44. Dominant Angular Gyrus – 39 Alexia - Agraphia

45. Silent Area Epilepsy – Amnesia – Auditory Hallucination Deja vu

46. Insula

47. Cerebral Dominance Adult VS Pediatric LanguageSpeechWritingCalculation 3D perception Singing Playing Musical instrument instrument

48. Ventricular System Blood Brain Barier Abdelfattah Khdeir M.D

52. Subarachnoid Space

53. Cisterns

54. Subarachnoid Cisterns Cerebellomedullary cistern (Cisterna magna) - the largest of the subarachnoid cisterns. Cerebellomedullary cistern Pontine cistern (Prepontine cistern or cisterna pontis) Pontine cistern Interpeduncular cistern (Cisterna interpeduncularis) Interpeduncular cistern Superior cistern (Quadrigeminal cistern or cistern of the great cerebral vein) Superior cisterngreat cerebral vein Ambient cistern (Cisterna ambiens) - thin, sheet-like extensions of the superior cistern that extend laterally about the midbrain, connecting it to the interpeduncular cistern. Ambient cistern may also refer to the combination of these extensions and the superior cistern. Ambient cistern

55. Choroid Plexus

57. Choroid Plexus Papilloma

58. Tela Chorioidea

59. Ependymoma

60. Lumbar Cistern

61. CSF

62. Production Site Production rate Amount Capacity CSF pressure ranges in Pediatrics – Adults Functions ?!

63. Functions Of CSF Cushions & Protection Against Trauma Mechanical Buoyancy Nourishes CNS Remove Metabolites from CNS As pathway for Pineal Secretions to reach the Pituitary gland

64. Dural Venous Sinuses

65. Arachnoid Granulation CSF Pressure VS Venous Pressure

67. Extension of Subarachnoid Space

68. PAPILLOEDEMA

70. Blood Brain Barrier

71. Blood – CSF Barrier

72. Intracranial Pressure

74. ICP Is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult, and becomes negative (averaging − 10 mmHg) in the vertical position.supine Once the ICP has reached around 25 mmHg ?

75. The Monro-Kellie hypothesis Pressure-volume relationship between ICP, volume of CSF, blood, and brain tissue, and (CPP)

76. Cerebral Perfusion Pressure CPP = MAP − ICP A vicious cycle

77. Increased ICP Mass effect Generalized brain swelling Increase in venous pressure Obstruction to CSF flow and/or absorption Increased CSF production

78. Hydrocephalus

80. Increased Formation Circulation Blockage Diminshed Absorption Communicating Non-Communicating

81. Kernicterus