1. ELEMENTS OF FICTION

2. EXPOSITION: THE PART IN A STORY IN WHICH THE CHARACTERS, SETTING AND BASIC SITUATION ARE INTRODUCED.

3. RISING ACTION (CONFLICT) THE PART OF THE PLOT WHEN THE CENTRAL CONFLICT IS INTRODUCED… TENSION IS BUILDING

4. CLIMAX THE TURNING POINT IN THE PLOT. THE MOMENT WHEN THE MAIN ACTION HAPPENS.

5. FALLING ACTION FOLLOWS THE CLIMAX- WHEN THE CONFLICT IS ON ITS WAY TO A RESOLUTION.

6. RESOLUTION THE PART OF THE PLOT IN WHICH THE CONFLICT HAS BEEN RESOLVED AND THE STORY COMES TO AN END.

7. INCITING INCIDENT THE EVENT THAT INTRODUCES THE CENTRAL CONFLICT.

8. SETTING When and where the story takes place. (Past, present, future, or specific year, season, time of day) (Region, country, town, or social, economic, or cultural environment)

9. SUSPENSE UNCERTAINTY OF WHAT WILL COME. AUTHOR DOES THIS BY WITHOLDING DETAILS OR HINTING AT WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN.

10. THEME THE KEY MESSAGE OR INSIGHT INTO LIFE THAT THE STORY REVEALS. IN SOME STORIES, IT IS STATED DIRECTLY. HOWEVER, IN MOST STORIES, IT IS SUGGESTED OR IMPLIED.

11. SYMBOL SOMETHING THAT STANDS FOR ITSELF AND REPRESENTS SOMETHING ELSE.

12. FLASH BACK A LITERARY DEVICE IN WHICH AN EARLIER ACTION “FLASHES BACK” OUT OF CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

13. FORESHADOWING A HINT AT WHAT WILL COME LATER IN THE STORY

14. IN MEDIAS RES “In the midst of things” BEGINNING A STORY IN THE MIDDLE OF THE PLOT “By the Waters of Babylon”

15. ALLUSION A REFERENCE TO A WELL-KNOWN PERSON, PLACE, EVENT, LITERARY WORK, OR WORK OF ART

16. CHARACTERS: (ROUND, FLAT, DYNAMIC, STATIC, AND FOIL) ROUND/THREE DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERS- Possesses many different character traits, appears realistic to the reader.

17. FLAT CHARACTER Has only one basic trait. The author doesn’t give much detail or specification to this character.

18. STOCK CHARACTER Is one found again and again in literary works. For example, a damsel in distress, the wicked stepmother, or the wicked queen in “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.” Archetypal Characters

19. FOIL CHARACTER A character intended to stand in contrast of another character

20. STATIC VS DYNAMIC CHARACTERS STATIC: A character who stays the same regardless of what he experiences DYNAMIC: A character who experiences some major change by the end of the story

21. CHARACTERIZATION INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION- Showing a character’s personality through his/her actions, thoughts, feelings, words, appearance, or through another character’s observations. DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION- The narrator directly tells a character’s traits.

22. EXTERNAL CONFLICT- THE MAIN CHARACTER STRUGGLES AGAINST AN OUTSIDE FORCE (man vs. man, man vs. nature/(supernatural force)

23. INTERNAL CONFLICT INVOLVES A CHARACTER IN CONFLICT WITH HIM/HERSELF

24. DIALOGUE CONVERSATION BETWEEN CHARACTERS. OFTEN IT REVEALS IMPORTANT HINTS INTO A CHARACTER’S PERSONALITY What type of characterization is this?

25. POINT OF VIEW THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE NARRATIVE

26. TYPES OF P.O.V. 1 ST PERSON- “I,” “me,” “my,” “we,” “our,” and “us” Narrator is a character in the action. 2 nd PERSON- “you” Normally used for: giving directions, writing persuasive essays, and sometimes used in mysteries. 3 rd PERSON OMNISCIENT- “All-knowing” narrator. Knows the thoughts and feelings of TWO OR MORE of the characters. 3 RD PERSON LIMITED- Narrator who only knows the thoughts and feelings of ONE character.

27. IRONY GENERAL TERM FOR LITERARY TECHNIQUES THAT PORTRAY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN APPEARANCE AND REALITY, EXPECTATION AND RESULT, OR MEANING AND INTENTION

28. DRAMATIC IRONY WHEN THE AUDIENCE KNOWS MORE THAN THE CHARACTERS DO

29. SITUATIONAL IRONY AN EVENT OCCURS THAT DIRECTLY CONTRADICTS THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE CHARACTERS, THE READERS, OR THE AUDIENCE. “Contents of a Dead Man’s Pockets”

30. VERBAL IRONY WHEN SOMEONE SAYS ONE THING, BUT MEANS ANOTHER (Ex. Sarcasm, puns)

31. GENRE CATEGORIES OR TYPES OF LITERATURE Fiction Non-fiction Fantasy Sci-fi Drama Poetry

32. PROTAGONIST Pro-Action: keeps the story moving. THE MAIN CHARACTER- MUST APPEAR REAL TO THE READER. (Usually has some kind of flaw or imperfection)

33. ANTAGONIST THE CHARACTER WHO OPPOSES THE PROTAGONIST

34. MOOD THE FEELING CREATED IN THE READER BY A LITERARY WORK OR PASSAGE

35. TONE How the author or narrator feels about the text.

36. IMAGERY DESCRIPTIVE LANGUAGE USED IN STORIES TO RE- CREATE SENSORY EXPERIENCES.