1. El subjuntivo

2.  Tense tells us when the action is taking place (present, past or future)  Mood tells us the attitude of the speaker towards the action (indicative, subjunctive, or imperative)

3.  We use the subjunctive rarely in English but much more frequently in Spanish!  I hope you have fun. BUT in Spanish we would say: I hope that you have fun. (2 subjects involved)  THAT= que in Spanish (connects 2 conjugated verbs with different subjects)

4.  The indicative is used to describe facts. It is what is considered true/certain.  Mrs. Boyce is a Spanish teacher.  I go to CB South High School.  I know that Spring is here.  It is true that there is a quiz on Monday.

5.  The subjunctive is used to express feelings, judgements, and emotions about actions.  It is what is desirable, possible, doubtful, uncertain.  It can ONLY BE USED AFTER QUE  It is important that Joe works harder.  I hope that you clean your room.  Just because we want these things, doesn’t mean they will happen or are certain.

6. Subj. Indicator + que + verb in the subjunctive Subjunctive indicators are statements of: will (indirect commands) necessity obligation emotion/feeling doubt possibility

7.  The subjunctive can ONLY be used after the conjunction que.  Usually, there are 2 subjects: 1 for the verb before que, which triggers the subjunctive; and a different subject for the verb after que, which is in the subjunctive.  If there is no “que”, the second verb will not be conjugated, and there is not a second subject in the sentence.  Mi madre insiste en hacer la cama.  VS.  Mi madre insiste en QUE yo haga la cama.

8.  CB south is a big school.  Indicative  I hope that she gets an A.  Subjunctive  My mom insists that I make my bed.  Subjunctive  I am sad that she is leaving tomorrow.  Subjunctive  We doubt that it will snow this week.  Subjunctive  I know that Spanish class is difficult.  Indicative

9. -AR  Drop “o” from yo form of indicative  Apply the opposite vowel (e):  Yo – e  Tú – es  Él/ella/Ud. – e  Nosotros – emos  Ellos/ellas/Uds. - en -ER/-IR  Drop “o” from yo form of indicative  Apply the opposite vowel (a):  Yo – a  Tú – as  Él/ella/Ud. – a  Nosotros – amos  Ellos/ellas/Uds. - an