1. ETHNICITIES OF MULTI ETHNIC AREA IN JAPAN ―FROM FOOD RESEARCH ON A MULTI-ETHNIC AREA OF TSURUMI WARD, YOKOHAMA― DAISUKE YASUI GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LETTERS, KYOTO UNIVERSITY E-MAIL ： HS0130YD@YAHOO.CO.JP

2. CONTENTS 1.Research Issue 2.Previous Studies 3.Study Purposes 4.Method 5.Case Analysis 6.Conclusion

3. 1.RESEARCH ISSUE The circuit where ethnicity is internalized Immigrants in contact zone Ethnicities brewed through food

4. 2.PREVIOUS STUDIES Ethnicity studies @ World 1. ethnicity as a primordial attachment (fact) 2. ethnicity as a social construction (fiction) ・・・ 2 is an overwhelming-majority group BUT 2 cannot explain ethnic Irrational power =>the process of ethnic identity internalization Food=the mediation clause internalizes ethnicity

5. 2.PREVIOUS STUDIES Ethnicity studies @ Japan Most ethnicity studies in Japanese sociology is observing only ‘single’ ethnic group. (e.g. Korean community in Japan) BUT global immigration makes multi ethnic area =>‘plural’ ethnic groups’ relations on the Contact Zone perspective

6. 3.STUDY PURPOSES Research Question: “How the ethnicity which must be a fiction is formed like primordial?”

7. 4.METHOD

8. August of 2009 ～ September of 2010 Field work Participation observation Okinawa Association of Tsurumi Michi Jyunee, Okinawan Sumo wrestling festival Brazilian NPO FESTA JUNINA Semi-structured interviews families who have multi-ethnic backgrounds

9. 4.METHOD

10. 5.CASE ANALYSIS Stage of Migration 1.Early Stage of Migration 2.Fixing Stage 3.Change-of-generation Stage

11. 5.CASE ANALYSIS 1. Early Stage of Migration Migration place food VS Immigrants taste → cultural boundary e.g. Ms. T/S (Okinawa) VS Natto Ms. M/A(Okinawa and Brazil) VS Sweet Japanese cuisine

12. 5.CASE ANALYSIS 1.Taste conflict arising 2.Recognizing the food difference 3.The boundary between their mother culture and foreign culture 4.Recognizing ethnic self Only after immigrants were thrown in different culture, they relativize culture

13. 5.CASE ANALYSIS 2. Fixing Stage Purifying or Mixing of Ethnicity Ms. T/S (Okinawa) Okinawa association female department Cooperative cooking Ms. M/A(Okinawa and Brazil) Brazilian NPO Brazilian churrasco and Okinawan noodle

14. 5.CASE ANALYSIS Public collective ethnicity improving ethnic group's cooperation nature establishing ethnic boundary making ethnicity pure Private and microscopic ethnicity crossing the boundary making ethnicity mixed

15. 5.CASE ANALYSIS 3. Change-of-generation Stage conveying ethnicity to the second generation e.g. ・ Ms. M/A×Sugar, Mirin （味醂）⇔ ○Garlic ・ Ms. J/A (Ms. M/A’s daughter) mother cuisine ≠ Japanese food but “I like it”

16. 5.CASE ANALYSIS For the next generation ×Public ethnicity ○Private ethnicity The ethnicity of first generation ↓ （ foods & recipe of home ） second generation The ethnicity brewed through the private & direct relation works as an essential reality

17. 6.CONCLUSION I draw a link-chain of food, history, and life practice. sketch of the relation between the food and ethnicity which means the mixed figure of representation and body Food & Ethnicity ≒ Body & Representation

18. 6.CONCLUSION Q. “How the ethnicity which must be a fiction is formed like primordial?” A. Because ethnicity is based on the intimate relation, the ethnicity internalized through food is felt like a genuine and essential. “We are what we eat“ ≠ rhetoric = realistically embodied truth

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