1. Add ons Phrases that add details

2. Prepositional Phrases What it is?Preposition + object(noun/pronoun) + modifiers (sdj/adv) What it does?Shows the relationship between an object and anther word in the sentence using preposition How it functions Adjective or adverb Adjective = Which? What kind of? How many? Adverb = How? When? Where? To what extent or degree? ExampleThe girl sat behind her mother (adverbial— Where?) in the car (adverbial—where?) The girl in the pink sweater (adjectival— which?) just winked at me.

3. Appositives What it is?Appositive + modifiers What it does?Renames or identifies a noun How it functionsAnother noun phrase that uses an idea of lesser importance to stress an important idea in the main sentence. Example Sara’s house, a cabin in the remote area, is the sire for the weekend retreat (renames as a non-essential or non- restrictive clause and needs commas) The languages English, Spanish and French blasted from the loudspeakers (identifies or clarifies as an essential or restrictive phrase and needs no commas

4. Verbal Phrases O Participials O Gerunds O Infinitives

5. Participial Phrases What it is?Participle (-ing, -d, or –ed form of verb) + objects or modifiers What it does?Describes a noun or pronoun in the sentence How it functionsAdjective; answers which? What kind of? How many? ExampleRiding in the car, the girl got car sick. Adjectival= what kind of girl or which girl? The one riding in the car

6. Gerund Phrases What it is?Gerund (-ing form of verb) + modifiers or complements What it does?Acts a subject, predicate noun, direct object, indirect object or object of the preposition How it functionsNoun (who? Or what?) ExampleWalking briskly for half an hour is a good way to get rid of car sickness.

7. Infinitive Phrases What it is?Infinitive ( to + verb) + modifiers or complements What it does?Acts as a subject, object, or modifier How it functionsNoun (who? What?) Adjective (which? What kind of? How many?) Adverb (how? When? Where? To what extent or degree?) ExampleThe girl hoped to feel better after she got out of the car.