1. Eukaryotic Cell Structures

2. REMINDER: Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. REMINDER: Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.  The eukaryotic cell can be divided into three major parts the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.  The eukaryotic cell can be divided into three major parts the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. o Nucleus is a large membrane bound structure that contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the majority of the cells activities. o Nucleus is a large membrane bound structure that contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the majority of the cells activities. o Cytoplasm is the area outside of the nucleus. o Cytoplasm is the area outside of the nucleus. o Cell Membrane is the thin, flexible barrier surrounding the cell. o Cell Membrane is the thin, flexible barrier surrounding the cell.

3. There are many structures found in eukaryotic cells floating around in the cytoplasm. These structures are called organelles. There are many structures found in eukaryotic cells floating around in the cytoplasm. These structures are called organelles.

4.  Nucleus is the control center of the cell. It contains DNA. The DNA provides the instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.  Nucleus is the control center of the cell. It contains DNA. The DNA provides the instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.

5. Ribosomes are the site where proteins are synthesized. Ribosomes are the site where proteins are synthesized. Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and proteins found throughout the cytoplasm either free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and proteins found throughout the cytoplasm either free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

6.  Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transports materials through the cell; it is also where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins.  Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transports materials through the cell; it is also where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins.  o Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough ER) is the portion of the ER that is involved in protein synthesis. It is called “rough” ER because it has ribosomes along its surface.   Rough ER is abundant in cells that produce a large amount of proteins for export. o Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth ER) is considered to be smooth because it does not have any ribosomes on its surface. o Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth ER) is considered to be smooth because it does not have any ribosomes on its surface.   Contains collections of enzymes (remember enzymes are proteins) that perform specialized tasks. Lipid cellular membrane compenents are produced here.

8.  Golgi Apparatus are organelles that sorts, modifies and packages proteins and other material for storage or export from the cell. The proteins that are produced on the rough ER then move to the golgi apparatus.  Golgi Apparatus are organelles that sorts, modifies and packages proteins and other material for storage or export from the cell. The proteins that are produced on the rough ER then move to the golgi apparatus.

9.  Lysosomes serve as the clean-up crew. They are filled with enzymes that help to break down unwanted material in the cell into smaller parts that the cell can utilize.  Lysosomes serve as the clean-up crew. They are filled with enzymes that help to break down unwanted material in the cell into smaller parts that the cell can utilize. Vacuoles are saclike structures, found in most cells, which store materials (water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates). Vacuoles are saclike structures, found in most cells, which store materials (water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates). o Many plants contain a large vacuole that allows plants to support heavy structures like leaves and flowers. o Many plants contain a large vacuole that allows plants to support heavy structures like leaves and flowers.

10. Mitochondria are organelles that convert stored energy, from food, in to energy that can be used by the cell. This is the site of cellular respiration. Mitochondria are organelles that convert stored energy, from food, in to energy that can be used by the cell. This is the site of cellular respiration.

11. Chloroplasts are the organelles that convert energy from the sun into energy that can be used by plant cells and some other organisms. This is the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are the organelles that convert energy from the sun into energy that can be used by plant cells and some other organisms. This is the site of photosynthesis.

12.  Cytoskeleton helps support the cell, by helping it to maintain its shape and help with movement. There are two main protein filaments that help support the cell:  Cytoskeleton helps support the cell, by helping it to maintain its shape and help with movement. There are two main protein filaments that help support the cell:  O Microfilaments which are threadlike structures made of actin.   Help support the cell and help the cell move. o Microtubules are hollow structures made up of tubulins. o Microtubules are hollow structures made up of tubulins.   Help maintain cell shape, assist in cell division, and help build flagella and cilia.

14. Cell Walls - are found in plants, algae, fungi, and some prokaryotes. The function is provide support and protection for the cell. Cell Walls - are found in plants, algae, fungi, and some prokaryotes. The function is provide support and protection for the cell. Centrioles - are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division. Centrioles are not found in plant cells. Centrioles - are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division. Centrioles are not found in plant cells.

15. Review: You are responsible for knowing the function of the following organelles. Make flashcards to assist you in remembering the functions. Review: You are responsible for knowing the function of the following organelles. Make flashcards to assist you in remembering the functions. Nucleus, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough and Smooth), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Cytoskeleton, Centrioles, Cell Wall Nucleus, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough and Smooth), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Cytoskeleton, Centrioles, Cell Wall