1. Regions of the Brain  Cerebral hemispheres  Diencephalon  Cerebellum  Brain stem روند تکامل و تقسیم بندی سیستم عصبی

2. The basic components of the CNS include the: Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem Spinal cord 2 بررسی ساختار ساقه مغز

3. بررسی ساختار پل مغز و مدولا

4. Functions Cranial nerve nuclei: sensory, motor, autonomic functions in head and neck Reticular formation: consciousness Long fiber tracts بررسی عملکرد ساقه مغز

5. Balance بررسی عملکرد مخچه

6. Motor Skill بررسی عملکرد مخچه

7. AtaxiaTremor

8. بررسی ساختار مدولا، پل مغز و مخچه

9. Midbrain  Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers  Reflex centers for vision and hearing  Cerebral aqueduct  Substantioa nigra بررسی ساختار مغز میانی

13. Cranial Nerves

14. 1 2 3 4 III VI V VII VIII 5 IXIX XI XII

15. IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

16. Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve Anosmia Patients complain of loss of taste. Head injury is a common cause.

17. Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve

18. Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens Trochlear Nucleus in midbrain Nerve exits dorsal surface Moves eye Oculomotor Nucleus in midbrain Innervates 4 extraocular muscles and functions in most eye movements Contains parasympathetic which innervates pupillary constrictor muscles Abducens Nucleus in pons Moves eye

19. Trigeminal ganglion Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions Sensory: Touch, pain, temp, proprioception for face, mouth, anterior 2/3 of tongue, nasal sinuses. Motor: Muscles of chewing Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve

20. Motor function: muscles of facial expression. Parasympathetic function: innervation of lacrimal glands and some salivary gland. Visceral sensory function: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve

21. Vestibular and Cochlear Sensory Organs

22. Motor function: stylopharyngeus muscle which elevates pharynx during talking and swallowing and participates in gag reflex. Parasympathetic function: innervation of parotid salivary gland. Visceral sensory function: taste from posterior1/3 of tongue Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve

23. Motor function: pharyngeal muscles (swallowing) & laryngeal muscles (vocalization) Parasympathetic function: innervation of heart, lungs, most if digestive tract. Somatic sensation function: sensation from pharynx, meninges, external auditory meatus. Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve

24. Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve Motor : sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

25. Motor function: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles. Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve