2. STRATEGIES FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT DURING 2013 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. PART 4: MAKE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DISASTER RESILIENT

4. STRATEGY: “CONCENTRATE YOUR POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES ON ACHIEVING ONE BIG OBJECTIVE -- SUCH AS DISASTER RESILIENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS” [Credit: The late George Ritchie, UK]

5. WHAT HISTORY TEACHES THE FRAGILITY OF A CITY’S LIFELINES (I.E, INFRASTRUCTURE) WILL PREVENT THE CITY FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT.

6. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM CAN PARALYZE LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE

7. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS essential functionProvide an essential function to society by moving people and goods from point “A” to point “B” substantial share of a country’s GDPRepresent a substantial share of a country’s GDP (11% for USA.)

8. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Types: Roads, railroads, mass transit, water-borne and air transport systems, and pipelines Scales: urban, regional, national, and international.

9. ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Built infrastructureBuilt infrastructure roads, runways, airports, terminals, railways, stations, canals, ports, traffic control centers, maintenance and operation facilities, pipelines, etc. Operations sideOperations side vehicles, traffic safety and control, power, commun- ications and signaling, maintenance, transportation operators, etc.

10. FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY  They extend over broad geographical areas  They have large numbers of components that are subject to either POINT or AREA failures.

11. FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY (Continued)  Roadways and railways frequently follow river valleys (easier and cheaper to build)  Utilities, including pipelines, often follow right-of-ways (reduces legal problems and costs)

12. FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY (Continued)  Multiple entities have responsibility for or oversight of the system  Typically owned by public entities and publicly funded  Usually self insured

13. FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY (Continued)  Different modes of trans- portation interact with each other and other elements of the city’s built environment (hence, the name, Lifeline Systems”).

14.  HIGHWAY SYSTEMS Flooding from tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons, and tsunamis, Landslides (rock falls, spreads, slides, flows) Earthquakes (ground shaking)

24. TSUNAMI ARRIVAL: SENDAI, JAPAN; MARCH 11, 2011

29. TYPHOON MORAKOT: TAIWAN; LANDSLIDE BURIES VILLAGE OF 1,000

49.  AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Earthquakes (ground shaking and ground failure)

53.  RAILROAD SYSTEMS Earthquakes (ground shaking and ground failure)

56.  PIPELINE SYSTEMS Earthquakes (ground shaking and ground failure)

60. YOUR COMMUNITY YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS NAT. HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON LIFELINE STANDARDS SITING AND ROUTING EMERGENCY REPAIRS RECONSTRUCTION EDUCATIONAL SURGE SOCIETAL RESILIENCE