2. 11 Spanish Missions

3. 2 SPANISH CONTROL OF THE TEXAS BORDERLANDS To control the Texas borderlands the Spanish built 4 types of settlements: 1.missions – religious communities 2.presidios – military bases 3.towns – small villages with farmers and merchants 4.ranchos – or ranches

4. 3Missions Developed in response to other countries beginning to settle in the United States. Developed in response to other countries beginning to settle in the United States. The Spanish established these missions to protect its borders, and to spread Christianity. The Spanish established these missions to protect its borders, and to spread Christianity. The Spanish built missions near rivers to ensure a good water supply. The Spanish built missions near rivers to ensure a good water supply. Missions included churches, dormitories, workrooms, barns, fields, and gardens. Missions included churches, dormitories, workrooms, barns, fields, and gardens. Missionaries taught the Indians about Catholicism, and taught them how to farm. Missionaries taught the Indians about Catholicism, and taught them how to farm.

5. 4Missions To protect these missions, presidios were established. A presidio is a military base. Soldiers in these bases were generally responsible for protecting several missions. To protect these missions, presidios were established. A presidio is a military base. Soldiers in these bases were generally responsible for protecting several missions. Settlers homes were built near missions, so that they would be well protected. This led to the formation of towns, for example, San Antonio and El Paso. Settlers homes were built near missions, so that they would be well protected. This led to the formation of towns, for example, San Antonio and El Paso. Spaniards lived near missions on ranchos, and raised cattle. Spaniards lived near missions on ranchos, and raised cattle.

6. 5Missions

7. 6Missions

8. 7 New Missions along the Rio Grande In the late 1600’s, the Spanish began building missions just south of the Rio Grande. In the late 1600’s, the Spanish began building missions just south of the Rio Grande. They also built missions among the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. They also built missions among the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. In 1680, a Pueblo leader named Pope led a revolt, or revolution, against the Spanish. This Pueblo Revolt, drove the Spanish out of New Mexico. In 1680, a Pueblo leader named Pope led a revolt, or revolution, against the Spanish. This Pueblo Revolt, drove the Spanish out of New Mexico.

9. 8 THE SPANISH ESTABLISHED MISSIONS ALONG THE WESTERN RIO GRANDE To provide a place to live for settlers fleeing the Pueblo Revolt To provide a place to live for settlers fleeing the Pueblo Revolt To use missions as a base to retake New Mexico To use missions as a base to retake New Mexico Pueblo Revolt – revolution led by Pueblo leader Popé against the Spanish in New Mexico

10. 9Missions In 1682, the Spanish built the first mission in Texas, near present day El Paso. This mission was called Corpus Christi de la Ysleta. In 1682, the Spanish built the first mission in Texas, near present day El Paso. This mission was called Corpus Christi de la Ysleta. Corpus Christi de la Ysleta. Corpus Christi de la Ysleta.

11. 1010 Spanish Settlements on the Frontier Represent Spanish govern- ment there Convert American Indians there to Catholicism Protect Borders To control the borderlands Mission System Goal Four types of Spanish settlements missions, presidios, towns, ranchos

12. 11 THE FRENCH Wanted to gain a port for the fur trade Wanted to gain a port for the fur trade Establish trade with the Spanish colonies Establish trade with the Spanish colonies To gain a claim to Texas and challenge Spain’s empire To gain a claim to Texas and challenge Spain’s empire Expedition ended in disaster Expedition ended in disaster

13. 12 EFFECT OF THE LA SALLE EXPEDITION Gave France a strong claim to Texas Gave France a strong claim to Texas 2 nd Flag to fly over Texas (French) 2 nd Flag to fly over Texas (French) Spain sent expeditions to find Ft. St. Louis Spain sent expeditions to find Ft. St. Louis Spain built missions in East Texas to protect their claim to the land Spain built missions in East Texas to protect their claim to the land

14. 13 Spanish in East Texas In 1689, a Spanish governor named Alonso De Leon led another expedition to find Ft. St. Louis. In 1689, a Spanish governor named Alonso De Leon led another expedition to find Ft. St. Louis. A Spanish priest named Father Damian Massanet, accompanied him. A Spanish priest named Father Damian Massanet, accompanied him. In early 1690, these two men, along with about 100 soldiers, built the first mission in East Texas. It was called San Francisco de los Tejas. In early 1690, these two men, along with about 100 soldiers, built the first mission in East Texas. It was called San Francisco de los Tejas. In 1693, after three years of hardships, including drought, disease, and the Indians unwillingness to learn Christianity, the Spaniards burned the mission to the ground and fled to back to Mexico. In 1693, after three years of hardships, including drought, disease, and the Indians unwillingness to learn Christianity, the Spaniards burned the mission to the ground and fled to back to Mexico.

15. 14 Spanish in East Texas One of the priests of San Francisco de los Tejas, Father Francisco Hidalgo, wanted to return to East Texas. One of the priests of San Francisco de los Tejas, Father Francisco Hidalgo, wanted to return to East Texas. Hidalgo decided to ask the French to build a mission. Hidalgo decided to ask the French to build a mission. In 1713, the French sent Louis St. Denis to help Father Hidalgo. In 1713, the French sent Louis St. Denis to help Father Hidalgo. The Spanish arrested them and sent them to Mexico City. The Spanish arrested them and sent them to Mexico City. Because St. Denis told the Spanish that he was sent to help Father Hidalgo, the Spanish became nervous and began to make plans to return to East Texas. Because St. Denis told the Spanish that he was sent to help Father Hidalgo, the Spanish became nervous and began to make plans to return to East Texas.

16. 15 FAILURE OF FIRST SPANISH MISSIONS IN EAST TEXAS Location too remote Location too remote Floods, droughts, disease Floods, droughts, disease Internal conflicts Internal conflicts Indians not interested in religious instruction Indians not interested in religious instruction

17. 16 SAN ANTONIO RIVER AREA Midpoint between the East Texas missions and the Rio Grande settlement Midpoint between the East Texas missions and the Rio Grande settlement Mild climate and location by a river Mild climate and location by a river Became the site of the most successful Texas missions and settlements Became the site of the most successful Texas missions and settlements

18. 17 Pop Quiz 1. Which of the following is one of the three main goals of the Spanish mission system? A. Protect Borders B. Spread Christianity C. Both A and B 2. The first Spanish mission in Texas was built on this date. A. 1682 B. 1592 C. 1492 3. This first Spanish mission built in Texas was called. A. San Antonio de Valero B. Corpus Christi de la Ysleta C. San Miguel de Linares de los Adaes 4. The first Spanish mission built in EAST Texas was called. A. San Antonio de Bexar B. Corpus Christi de la Ysleta C. San Francisco de los Tejas

19. 18 WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN AFFECTS TEXAS Led to the Chicken War, which caused Spain to abandon East Texas Led to the Chicken War, which caused Spain to abandon East Texas Re-established Spanish control of the region Re-established Spanish control of the region Separated control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas Separated control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas

20. 19 WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN AFFECTS TEXAS(continued) Chicken War – conflict between French and Spanish in Texas where the French attacked Mission San Miguel de Linares de los Adaes

21. 20 Spanish Return to Texas France and Spain decide to work together for the missions in East Texas France and Spain decide to work together for the missions in East Texas Spain wants to spread Christianity Spain wants to spread Christianity France wants to trade with the Indians France wants to trade with the Indians Spain builds 6 new missions Spain builds 6 new missions

22. 21 Successful missions: Successful missions: 1. San Antonio 2. Nacogdoches 3. Los Adaes 4. Goliad Other missions failed because: Other missions failed because: 1. disease 2. Indian attacks 3. crop failure- hunger

23. 2222 France and Spain at War Spanish abandon East Texas Effect War and Expansion Chicken War (June 1719) Aguayo Expedition Agreement to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas Expansion of Spanish settlement (Los Adaes, La Bahía) Spanish re-occupation of East Texas

24. 2323 Life in Missions

25. 24 MISSIONS AND PRESIDIOS Centered around work and worship Centered around work and worship Life was harsh, uncomfortable dwellings, little food Life was harsh, uncomfortable dwellings, little food Life for soldiers was dangerous and difficult Life for soldiers was dangerous and difficult

26. 25 Life in Missions & Presidios Missions were most likely to succeed, if they had a presidio nearby. Missions were most likely to succeed, if they had a presidio nearby. These military outposts were generally made of adobe, stone, and timber. These military outposts were generally made of adobe, stone, and timber. They had a chapel, barracks for soldiers, storage rooms, and a headquarters building. They had a chapel, barracks for soldiers, storage rooms, and a headquarters building. The soldiers were not paid very much, and their uniforms were often dirty and ragged. The soldiers were not paid very much, and their uniforms were often dirty and ragged.

27. 26 LIFE IN SPANISH SETTLEMENTS Diverse populations Diverse populations Consisted of homes, government buildings and stores Consisted of homes, government buildings and stores Economy based on farming and ranching Economy based on farming and ranching Social activities centered around church and family Social activities centered around church and family

28. 27 The economy of the settlements was mostly based on farming and ranching. The cattle business helped San Antonio and other towns grow. The cattle business helped San Antonio and other towns grow. Vaqueros, or cowboys, worked on ranches near the settlements. They were well known for their skills at horse riding and cattle handling. Vaqueros, or cowboys, worked on ranches near the settlements. They were well known for their skills at horse riding and cattle handling.

29. 28 Mission Government. The ayuntamiento, governing council, enforced royal and local laws. The ayuntamiento, governing council, enforced royal and local laws. The alcalde, served as mayor, sheriff, and judge of small cases. The alcalde, served as mayor, sheriff, and judge of small cases.

30. 29 SPANISH CULTURE AND TEXAS TODAY Spanish heritage present in Texas architecture and celebrations Spanish heritage present in Texas architecture and celebrations Apparent in music and food Apparent in music and food Spanish influence seen in place-names, towns, or rivers Spanish influence seen in place-names, towns, or rivers Some Spanish missions are still active churches. Some Spanish missions are still active churches. They laid out the first Texas roads. They laid out the first Texas roads.

31. 3030 Examples of Spanish Influence in Texas Life in Spanish Texas culture (architecture, art, food, language, music) legal traditions cattle ranching traditions and terms routes of first Texas roads Catholic heritage and missions many Spanish place-names

32. 31

33. 32

34. 3333 Unrest and Revolution

35. 34 34 Colonists Grow Unhappy with Spain As the small colonies grew into towns, the settlers worked together to solve their own problems. The settlers couldn’t wait for Spain to direct them. The settlers felt that the king lived too far away to truly understand their needs.

36. 35 35 In the last decades of the 1700’s Spain became involved in huge problems in Europe. In the last decades of the 1700’s Spain became involved in huge problems in Europe. Conflicts with England and France took up most of Spain’s time and money. Conflicts with England and France took up most of Spain’s time and money.

37. 36 36

38. 37 37 How was Spain going to get money to fight the conflicts with England and France? Spain placed HEAVY TAXES on the settlers in Texas. Spain placed HEAVY TAXES on the settlers in Texas. Spain forced the settlers in Texas to donate money to pay for European wars. Spain forced the settlers in Texas to donate money to pay for European wars.

39. 38 38 How would you like to work hard all week and have to give the Spanish King and Queen take most of your income/money in taxes? How would you like to work hard all week and have to give the Spanish King and Queen take most of your income/money in taxes? What you had left, they tried to make you “donate” to Spain to pay for their European Wars. What you had left, they tried to make you “donate” to Spain to pay for their European Wars.

40. 39 39 By 1800, the settlers were feeling dissatisfied. By 1800, the settlers were feeling dissatisfied. Colonists were unhappy with the Spanish rulers. Colonists were unhappy with the Spanish rulers. Colonists wanted to make their own rules. Colonists wanted to make their own rules.

41. 40 40 People tried to apply reason and science to all aspects of society, including government. People tried to apply reason and science to all aspects of society, including government. This movement challenged the idea that kings had a God-given right to rule. This movement challenged the idea that kings had a God-given right to rule. A government should support the people’s nature rights and interests. (If a government does not do this, it should be replaced.) A government should support the people’s nature rights and interests. (If a government does not do this, it should be replaced.)

42. 41 41 Father Hidalgo believed strongly in the ideals of the Enlightenment. Father Hidalgo believed strongly in the ideals of the Enlightenment. Father Hidalgo worked among Mexican farming families for years just north of Mexico City. He saw how these families struggled and how Spain’s crown neglected to help them. Father Hidalgo worked among Mexican farming families for years just north of Mexico City. He saw how these families struggled and how Spain’s crown neglected to help them. Father Hidalgo Calls for Independence

43. 42 42 Father Hidalgo knew that as long as the king was in charge, conditions for these Mexican families would never change. Father Hidalgo knew that as long as the king was in charge, conditions for these Mexican families would never change. Father Hidalgo called for the liberation of the Mexican people from Spain. Father Hidalgo called for the liberation of the Mexican people from Spain. (liberation – the act of becoming free)

44. 43 43 When the king and queen of Spain heard that Father Hidalgo was conspiring to overthrow the Spanish government, they decided to ARREST HIM. When the king and queen of Spain heard that Father Hidalgo was conspiring to overthrow the Spanish government, they decided to ARREST HIM. Hidalgo heard about this beforehand and knew he had three choices: Hidalgo heard about this beforehand and knew he had three choices: stay in Dolores (small town north of Mexico City) stay in Dolores (small town north of Mexico City) hide out and hope not to get caught hide out and hope not to get caught begin a revolution begin a revolution conspiring – to join in a secret agreement

45. 44 44

46. 45 45 Grito de Dolores On September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo gave a speech titled “Grito de Dolores”. (Remember Dolores was the city he was in, just north of Mexico City.) On September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo gave a speech titled “Grito de Dolores”. (Remember Dolores was the city he was in, just north of Mexico City.) In the speech, Hidalgo called for Mexican citizens to rise up and fight for independence. In the speech, Hidalgo called for Mexican citizens to rise up and fight for independence. www.vivasancarlos.com/ call_ind.html

47. 46 46 Father Hidalgo is killed. On his was to meet up with his supporters, Hidalgo was seized by Spanish authorities and executed. On his was to meet up with his supporters, Hidalgo was seized by Spanish authorities and executed. Although Father Hidalgo did not live to see Mexican independence from Spain, he had a great effect on the future of Mexico and Texas. Although Father Hidalgo did not live to see Mexican independence from Spain, he had a great effect on the future of Mexico and Texas.