1. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles During the Royal Period, Georgia’s population grew due to new land policies, land gains from Native Americans and the Spanish, and the surge of settlers and slaves this new land brought.

2. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles Many of the new settlers were Scots-Irish immigrants who were considered “undesirable” by the established Georgia colonists and were given the derogatory name “crackers.”

3. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles This group often worked and laid claim to lands in the frontier of the colony. Slaves, on the other hand, were forced to come to Georgia. With the restrictions on slavery removed, the colony’s slave population increased from 500 in 1750 to 18,000 in 1775.

4. The Road to Revolution © 2014 Brain Wrinkles SS8H3a

5. Standards SS8H3 The student will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution. a. Explain the immediate and long-term causes of the American Revolution and their impact on Georgia; include the French and Indian War (Seven Years War), Proclamation of 1763, Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, and the Declaration of Independence. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

6. SS8H3 The student will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What were the causes of the Revolutionary War? I CAN: I can explain the causes of the Revolutionary War & its impact on Georgia.

7. Great Britain, France, and Spain had been competing for land in North America for centuries. By the mid-1700s, France had become Great Britain’s biggest rival. In 1756, fighting {WAR!} broke out between the two countries over fur trading territory in the Ohio Valley. ©

8. In 1753, Virginia Governor Robert Dinwiddie dispatched 21-year-old George Washington to southwestern Pennsylvania with a written order to French forces to vacate the contested territory of the Ohio Valley. When the French refused, Lieutenant Colonel Washington returned the following year with a force of hundreds and ambushed a small scouting party before dawn on May 28, 1754. The first military action of Washington’s life resulted in the deaths of 13 enemy soldiers and launched the French and Indian War. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

9. 1754 This war was known as the French and Indian War in America because the French and Indians fought together against the British. Local Native Americans joined forces with the French troops. At the beginning the French had the advantage: better military, camouflaged warfare © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

10. The British redcoats and the colonists' bright blue coats made them easy targets for the French and Indians Great Britain won, gaining all the French territories and Florida from Spain.(They were allies of Britain and gained a lot of land in the west.) Georgia was not really involved but was helped by the war In Europe, the war was called the Seven Years’ War. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

12. Great Britain won the war. In the Treaty of Paris 1763, France was forced to give up all of its North American colonies, including Canada and all land west to the Mississippi River. Even though the British won the war, the economic cost of the war was incredible and left the country virtually bankrupt. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

14. The Seven Years’ War actually lasted nine years. Although hostilities began in 1754, Britain did not formally declare war on France until May 18, 1756. France reciprocated three weeks later. Nine years of armed conflict between the two countries on the North American continent ended with the ratification of the Treaty of Paris by the British Parliament on February 10, 1763.

15. In spite of the war’s name, not all Native Americans sided with the French. While the majority of Native American tribes backed the French, numerous tribes remained neutral, fought alongside the British or shifted allegiances with the winds of war.

16. The Treaty of Paris 1763 also gave Spanish Florida to England. Georgians were happy with this decision because there would be no more Spanish threat to the colony. Georgia’s borders were also expanded to the St. Mary’s River to the South, the Mississippi River to the West, and land around Augusta to the North. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

17. Georgia’s Boundaries, 1763

18. LIST THE ROYAL GOVERNORS OF GEORGIA. FIRST TO LAST

19. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War /Seven Years' War. This proclamation forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. Colonists who lived there had to pack up and move back east.

20. The Proclamation of 1763 had two goals: to avoid future conflicts with Indians and to maintain and build settlements east of the Appalachian Mountains so settlers would trade with England.

21. King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

22. Much of the land was given to Native Americans to avoid uprisings and violence with the settlers. The intent was to stabilize relations between Great Britain and the Native American tribes who lived in the area. Because the British were nearly bankrupt from the Seven Years War, they could not afford to fight another costly war with Native Americans over territory.

23. Proclamation of 1763 – New Colonial Boundaries © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

24. The colonists, many of whom participated in the war in hopes of gaining new land, were extremely upset by the Proclamation of 1763. Many frontiersmen ignored the treaty and moved west into areas that are now Kentucky and Tennessee.

25. Many frontiersmen moved into the Appalachian Mountain region, despite the King’s orders.

26. People in Georgia did not share the same reactions to the Proclamation of 1763 as other colonists. The colony was relatively small and most colonists were settled along Georgia’s coastline. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

27. Also, Georgia gained land and resources from the Spanish after the French and Indian War. New land in coastal areas was great for trade. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

28. In the 1760s and 1770s, Great Britain began asserting more and more control over the colonies. To help alleviate (reduce) the debt incurred from the war, the British Parliament felt that the colonists should be responsible for some of the financial burden by paying new taxes.

29. Many colonists were angered by the taxation, particularly because there was no colonial representation in the British Parliament.

30. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

32. In 1765, England imposed the Stamp Act, which required colonists to buy a government stamp for nearly every paper document. It put a direct tax on items that were commonly used by almost every colonist, including newspapers, licenses, and legal documents. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

33. Many colonists rebelled, saying that the government should not tax them when they had no representation in Parliament. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

34. Colonial newspaper predicted the Stamp Act would lead to the end of journalism. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles Notice of the Stamp Act in a newspaper.

35. During the 1760s and 1770s, England asserted more control over the colonies. Parliament believed that the colonists should help pay for the French and Indian War. England began taxing the colonies. One tax was the Stamp Act. (1765) It required colonists to buy a stamp for almost every paper document (newspapers, licenses, legal documents) The colonists rebelled. “No taxation without representation.”

36. The colonists rebelled. “No taxation without representation.”

37. Due to colonial pressure, the British Parliament eventually repealed (abolished) the Stamp Act (but continued to issue others). These acts caused even more discontent and began to set the stage for the Revolutionary War… © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

38. Georgia’s response was not as violent. It had a strong royal governor. (James Wright) It was still economically dependent on Great Britain. Georgia was actually the only colony where a small number of stamps were sold. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

39. Nevertheless, there was still resistance to the Stamp Act. November 6, 1765. A group affiliated with the Sons of Liberty called “Liberty Boys” was established to oppose the Stamp Act. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

40. Tondee's Tavern and the Revolution Peter Tondee traveled to Savannah at the age of ten on the second boat sent to Georgia, and his life in the new land— from orphan to master carpenter to minor civic official— exemplified the experience of ordinary people in the growth of the colony. But his role in the final few years of Georgia's brief span as a province accounted for the place his name holds in the history of the state.

41. Tondee's Tavern and the Revolution The first record of any assembly at Tondee's Tavern was in 1770. Over the next six years Tondee's Tavern was the hub of revolutionary sentiment. Governor James Wright even attended the anniversary banquet of the Union Society there in 1774. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

42. Tondee's Tavern and the Revolution On August 10, 1774, despite a ban from the governor, delegates from every parish convened at the tavern, where Tondee himself stood at the door with a list to keep out intruders. Though failing to elect delegates to the Continental Congress, the meeting passed resolutions and organized as a general committee to correspond with other colonies. Weeks, Carl S. "Peter Tondee (ca. 1723-1775)." New Georgia Encyclopedia. 09 May 2014. Web. 06 October 2016.

43. Georgia’s Liberty Boys meeting in Tondee’s Tavern in Savannah. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

44. Things were heating up! Two events in Boston were a catalyst (spark) for things to come. Boston Massacre: British soldiers fired into an angry mob that had been provoking them. Boston Tea Party: Colonists dumped chests of tea into Boston Harbor.

45. The American colonists were becoming more and more rebellious, particularly in Boston. The Boston Massacre occurred in 1770 when British soldiers fired into an angry mob of protestors, killing five colonists. The 1773 Boston Tea Party took place when colonists dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

46. The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor © 2014 Brain Wrinkles (A few of the colonists disguised themselves as Native Americans.)

47. Great Britain was angered by the unruly colonists. In 1774, Parliament passed a series of laws called the *Coercive Acts to punish the colony of Massachusetts and to set an example for the other colonies. *Colonists called these laws the Intolerable Acts.*Colonists called these laws the Intolerable Acts. Great Britain refused to repeal these laws until the colonists paid for the tea destroyed in Boston. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

48. The Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) included four laws designed to punish the Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party. 1.Boston Port Act closed the port of Boston to trade. 2.Massachusetts Government Act prohibited town meetings and took away the colony’s charter. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

49. 3. Impartial Administration of Justice Act said that any British official that committed a capital crime was sent back to England for trial. 4. Quartering Act forced the citizens of Massachusetts to house and feed British soldiers at their own expense. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

50. Political Cartoon Depicting the Intolerable Acts – What do you notice? © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

51. Other American colonies were outraged and joined in sympathy with Massachusetts. The Intolerable Acts unified the colonies in a belief that the British Parliament was violating their rights.The Intolerable Acts unified the colonies in a belief that the British Parliament was violating their rights. Twelve colonies sent representatives to the First Continental Congress of 1774. Georgia was the only colony that did not send a representative. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

52. The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in 1774. The members wrote protests to England and decided to boycott British goods until taxes and trade regulation were repealed.The members wrote protests to England and decided to boycott British goods until taxes and trade regulation were repealed. They also pledged military support to Massachusetts if they were attacked by Great Britain. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

54. King George III said that the colonies would not become independent without a fight. On April 19 th, 1775, the first battle of the American Revolution took place at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts.On April 19 th, 1775, the first battle of the American Revolution took place at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

55. Cast of Characters in the Revolutionary War * Cast of Characters in the Revolutionary War * * Tories -- Also called Loyalists, British Royalists, "King's Friends.” Those who were loyal to the king of England, George III *Patriots -- Also called Whigs, Liberty Boys, Colonials, Sons & Daughters of Liberty. Citizens ready to cut ties with Great Britain. *Pacifists -- Quakers, Mennonites, & Moravians: did not believe in fighting

56. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles Cast of Characters in the Revolutionary War * Cast of Characters in the Revolutionary War * *Redcoats and Lobsterbacks -- so-called because of the red uniforms. British soldiers, some of whom were forced to fight the Patriot colonists *Council of Safety: set up by Patriot colonists in Georgia in 1775 when Provincial Congress voted to join the boycott of trade with Great Britain *Fence sitters: feared being on the losing side- would not choose Patriot, Tory, or pacifist

57. After several more battles, the Second Continental Congress met in May 1775. This time, Georgia was represented by 3 delegates: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

58. The American Revolution © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

59. The American Revolution © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

60. A committee headed by Thomas Jefferson compiled a list of reasons why the American colonies should become independent in a formal document that was adopted on July 4, 1776. The first part, called the Preamble, explains the natural rights of all people. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

61. The second part includes a list of grievances against King George, including “imposing taxes without our consent” and “quartering large bodies of troops among us.”The second part includes a list of grievances against King George, including “imposing taxes without our consent” and “quartering large bodies of troops among us.” The final part is where the colonists officially severed ties from Great Britain. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

62. Thomas Jefferson, principal writer of the Declaration of Independence © 2014 Brain Wrinkles