2. Lead in : Are you curious about what kind of life ancient people lived thousands of years ago ? How can we know about this ?

3. China is a country with an ancient civilization. It has a long history and brilliant culture. In which ways can we learn about its history and culture? Archaeology

4. Unit 20

5. New words and expressions 1. archaeology n. 考古学 2. archaeological adj. 考古学的 3. archaeologist n. 考古学家 4. curious adj. 好奇的 ； curiously adv. 5. curiosity n. 好奇（心）；古玩 6. decorate v. 装饰、装潢 decoration n. 7. artefact = artifact （尤指古人）人工制品 8. unearth vt. 发掘、出土、挖掘、揭露 9. emperor (empress) 皇帝（皇后、女皇） 10. copper 铜 ； bronze 青铜 New words and expressions 1. archaeology n. 考古学 2. archaeological adj. 考古学的 3. archaeologist n. 考古学家 4. curious adj. 好奇的 ； curiously adv. 5. curiosity n. 好奇（心）；古玩 6. decorate v. 装饰、装潢 decoration n. 7. artefact = artifact （尤指古人）人工制品 8. unearth vt. 发掘、出土、挖掘、揭露 9. emperor (empress) 皇帝（皇后、女皇） 10. copper 铜 ； bronze 青铜

6. Part 1: Look and Talk Please look at the pictures and talk about them

8. Terracotta Warriors and Horses 兵马俑 A symbol of the powerful Qin Dynasty

10. Inscriptions 题字 on bones or tortoise shells Embryonic forms of Chinese characters 中国文字的发源

11. A bone needle Stone axes

12. The unearthed animal bones

13. artefacts 人工品 /handicrafts 手工艺品 A necklace made of shells, animal bones and stones

14. pottery

15. A simple shelter built at early times. Housing

16. Part 2. Talk about the following pictures Stone age 石器时代 Bronze age 铜器时代 Tools made of stones A bronze tripod Cooking vessel

17. Han dynasty Tang dynasty A coat made of silk A work of china Tri-colored glazed pottery 陶釉

18. Match the time with the place where its relics are unearthed: Stone Age Han Dynasty Bronze Age Tang Dynasty Mawangdui the Ruins of Yanshi Erlitou(1959, Henan) the Banpo Ruins/ the Ruins of Hemudu the Ruins of the Chang’an City

19. What can they remind us of ? Remind us of the history 1.What they ate 2.Where they lived 3.What their houses looked like 4.What kind of tools they used 5.What kind of entertainment they had ……

20. Discuss and talk about the following items.

21. Stone Age Bronze Age Han Dynasty Tang Dynasty Food Housing Home decoration Tools Artefacts Entertain ment

22. skull 头脑, 头骨 Stone Age 石器时代 cave Tool arrows 箭

23. Stone age(10,000—2000BC) food Meat, fish(roasted or cooked), fruits, plants and maybe in the later stone age also grain and rice. housing Caves, tents, huts 小屋 wooden buildings Home decoration Wall paintings, animal skins, woven materials, objects made of jade 翡翠 tools Tools made of stones, wood, clay, bones, artifacts Stones, earth, simple jewellery made of animal teeth or bones entertain ment Storytelling, singing, dancing around a fire

24. Bronze Age 铜器时代 What are the functions of these objects?

25. Bronze age(2000—250BC) food Rice, staple food and vegetables from farms,meat from hunted and farm animals,fish,milk products housing Wooden buildings Home decoration Painted walls,pots,and containers made of clay or bronze,wooden furniture tools Stone and wood,containers of pottery and bronze,weapons made of bronze artifacts Bronze objects, bones, stone objects, pottery and clay figures entertain ment Storytelling,singing,dancing, music with musical instruments, reciting poetry, handcrafts

26. Han Dynasty A painting on silk pottery Palace

27. Han dynasty food Fine foods of all varieties,wine housing Wooden buildings Home decoration Painted walls, pots, and containers made of clay or bronze, wooden furniture, woven mats, silk, and cloth tools All kinds of tools made of different metals, wood, glass or stone Artifacts 史前古器 物 Clay figures, statues, woven cloth of silk and other materials, gold, written bamboo texts,pottery entertain ment Song and poetry, music with various instruments, hunting, eating and drinking

28. Tang Dynasty Tri-colored glazed pottery 陶釉 Dunhuang frescoes 壁画

29. Polo in Tang Dynasty What are they playing?

30. Tang dynasty food A choice of fine foods and wines housing Wooden and stone buildings Home decoration Painted walls,pots,and vases made of metal sculptures,furniture, silk,and cloth tools All kinds of tools made of different materials artifacts Pottery, tools, jewelers, paper and silk materials, jade, gold metal objects entertain ment Various forms of musical entertainment, reading,hunting, travel, etc

32. Just guess what it is, and what it could be used for. bow

33. What does this look like? What are these holes used for?

34. 1. What______________________________ 1. What______________________________ 2. What______________________________ 2. What______________________________ 3. How_______________________________ 3. How_______________________________ 4. How_______________________________ 4. How_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 5. Where_____________________________ 5. Where_____________________________ 1. What______________________________ 1. What______________________________ 2. What______________________________ 2. What______________________________ 3. How_______________________________ 3. How_______________________________ 4. How_______________________________ 4. How_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 5. Where_____________________________ 5. Where_____________________________ Listen and write down five of the questions asked by the students. is it? does it mean? did it work? do you know that it was used for what you say? was it found?

35. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions a. What is the object they are talking about? a. What is the object they are talking about? b. How far can you throw a spear with a tool b. How far can you throw a spear with a tool like this? like this? c. What kind of animals did people kill with it? c. What kind of animals did people kill with it? d. How did people in South America and d. How did people in South America and Australia know about this tool? Australia know about this tool? a. What is the object they are talking about? a. What is the object they are talking about? b. How far can you throw a spear with a tool b. How far can you throw a spear with a tool like this? like this? c. What kind of animals did people kill with it? c. What kind of animals did people kill with it? d. How did people in South America and d. How did people in South America and Australia know about this tool? Australia know about this tool? A tool to throw spears. About 300 meters. Giant bears and giant hairy elephants. They invented it again.

36. T: Teacher S: Student T: Teacher S: Student T: Come and have a look at this. Isn’t it _____________? _____________? S1: What is it? T: Well. Have a good ________. S1: Eh… It looks like a short ________ to me; about 25 cm long and at the top there’s a about 25 cm long and at the top there’s a little carved animal. At the _________ end, little carved animal. At the _________ end, there are three holes _________ the stick. I there are three holes _________ the stick. I have no idea what it is. have no idea what it is. T: Right. What else? beautiful look stick bottom through

37. S1: There’s a small goat that’s looking _______ its shoulder. And there’s something funny its shoulder. And there’s something funny on the _______. What is it ? on the _______. What is it ? T: That’s two legs of a young baby goat that is being born. At ________, that’s what some being born. At ________, that’s what some people think. people think. S1: Really? What does it mean? T: We don’t know. The __________ was lost. S2: What was it used for? T: It is an _________ weapon. One of the oldest on earth. on earth.over right least meaning ancient

38. S2: How can such a short stick be used as a weapon? weapon? T: Very big _______ walked around the earth… S1:Yeah dinosaurs. T: No, not dinosaurs. But there were _____ that were two or three times ________ than today were two or three times ________ than today and very large kind of __________ that had and very large kind of __________ that had long brown hair. It was too dangerous to long brown hair. It was too dangerous to fight them with sticks or knives, or even fight them with sticks or knives, or even ________, so people developed this weapon. ________, so people developed this weapon. S2:I don’t understand. How did it work? animals bears bigger elephants spears

39. T: You cannot throw a spear very far with your arm, maybe 50 meters. But using this ______ it arm, maybe 50 meters. But using this ______ it could be thrown six times _________, and with could be thrown six times _________, and with greater speed. greater speed. S2: How? T: Look at the three ________. One held a stone for balance, one a small piece of wood or leather, balance, one a small piece of wood or leather, and a piece of rope was tied into the _________ and a piece of rope was tied into the _________ one. A spear of about 180 cm was laid on the one. A spear of about 180 cm was laid on the stick, resting against the small piece of wood or stick, resting against the small piece of wood or leather. With a pull on the string and a ________ leather. With a pull on the string and a ________ of the arm, the spear would be thrown. of the arm, the spear would be thrown. tool farther holes smallest movement

40. S2: Gee! Is it very old? T: 10 to __________ years. S1: Where was it found ? T: It was discovered in a cave in southern _________. S2: How do you know that it was used for what you say? T: We don’t know for sure. After people ________ using it in Europe, other people in South America and it in Europe, other people in South America and Australia invented it again, by themselves. They use it Australia invented it again, by themselves. They use it to ________ spears, so we think it’s the same thing. to ________ spears, so we think it’s the same thing. S1: So you could be wrong about it? T: Yes. We cannot ask the ancient people how they used it, so we must ______. What do you think it could be? it, so we must ______. What do you think it could be? 20,000 France stopped throw guess

41. Talk about archaeological finds, such as artefacts, tombs unearthed towns.