1. Early modern practices of looking

2. Topics to be covered today: 1.Visual culture in early modern Europe 2.Baxandall, period eye 3.Rose, the social effects of images 4.Berger, ways of seeing (the female nude)

3. Sight, c. 1500 Musée national du Moyen Âge, Cluny

4. Brueghel “the Elder”, Jan; Rubens, Peter Paul, Sight, 1617, Museo Nacional del Prado

6. Bruegel, Allegory of Sight and Smell, 1618, Museo Nacional del Prado

7. Theodore Rombouts, Allegory of the Five Senses, 1632, Museum Voor Schone Kunsten, Ghent

8. Pietro da Cortona, Ananias Restoring the Sight of St Paul, 1632, Santa Maria della Concezione, Rome

9. Linear perspective Filippo Brunelleschi, by 1413: mathematically accurate method of constructing 3D pictorial space Leon Battista Alberti, 1435, On Painting –‘I want the painter … to be learned in the liberal arts, but I wish him above all to have a good knowledge of geometry’. Leonardo da Vinci (end 15° century) –‘A youth should first learn perspective, then the proportions of things’. Piero della Francesca, On Perspective for Painting (1455- 60)

10. Gentile da Fabriano, Presentation of Jesus in the Temple, 1423, Paris, Musée du Louvre Predella from Strozzi Adoration of the Magi

11. Masaccio, Holy Trinity, 1427, Santa Maria Novella, Florence

13. Masolino, Feast of Christ, 1435, Castiglione Olona

14. Piero della Francesca, The Flagellation of Christ, 1455-60, Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, Urbino ‘the greatest small painting in the world’ – Kenneth Clarke

15. Leonardo da Vinci, Study for the background of the Adoration of the Magi, about 1480, Gabinetto Disegni e Stampe degli Uffizi.

16. (1990)

17. (2007)

18. Hieronymus Bosch, The Conjurer, 1502, Musée Municipal, St.- Germain-en-Laye

19. (1995)

20. Early Modern Visual Culture Representation, Race, and Empire in Renaissance England Peter Erickson and Clark Hulse, Editors (2000)

21. Period eye: –the mental and visual equipment that a painter’s public brings to works of art in a given society and time (1972)

22. Raphael, Sistine Madonna, Gemäldegalerie Alter Meister, Dresden, 1513-14

23. Gillian Rose, ‘Visual Methodologies:An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials’ (2009) 1.The ways in which visual images are embedded in wider culture 2. The ways in which images visualize or render invisible social differences 3.The ways in which distinct audience bring their own interpretations to bear on an image’s meaning and effect 4.The ways in which images have their own agency 5. Not only the ways in which images look but how images are looked at

24. (1972)

25. The Judgment of Paris,ca. 1528 Lucas Cranach the Elder, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

26. Tintoretto, Susanna and the Elders, c. 1555, Kunsthistorische Museum, Vienna

27. Hans Memling, Vanity, c.1485

28. Titian, Vanity, c.1514