1. 2.9 On Land or in Water: Canadian Biomes

2. Biomes Biomes – large geographical regions that have a similar climate and a specific set of biotic and abiotic features Similar ecosystems fit into the same biome Earth has many biomes with recognizable ecosystems – desert, coral reef, tundra, tropical rainforest, etc. Canada has five major terrestrial biomes

3. Tundra Biome Cold, barren biome in northernmost part of Canada Low temperatures for most of the year Short growing season Permafrost layer beneath soil Precipitation from 0 to 25 cm/year Poor soil quality Low diversity AbioticBiotic Low temperatures for most of the year Low diversity Short growing seasonRapid-flowering plants Permafrost layer beneath soilMosses and lichens Precipitation from 0 to 25 cm/yearCaribou Poor soil qualityPtarmigan Lemmings Arctic foxes

4. Tundra Plants Rapid-flowering plants

5. Tundra Plants Lichen

6. Tundra Plants Mosses

7. Tundra Animals Caribou

8. Tundra Animals Ptarmigan

9. Tundra Animals Lemmings

10. Tundra Animals Arctic fox

11. Tundra Animals Snowy Owl

12. Boreal Forest Biome Largest biome in Canada Warmer than tundra No permafrost Changeable weather Precipitation 40 cm/year or more Soil contains some water and is acidic

13. Boreal Forest Plants Coniferous Trees – Spruce, Pine, Fir

14. Boreal Forest Animals Seed-Eating Birds

15. Boreal Forest Animals Squirrels

16. Boreal Forest Animals Voles

17. Boreal Forest Animals Snowshoe Hares

18. Boreal Forest Animals Black Bears

19. Boreal Forest Animals Pine Martens

20. Boreal Forest Animals Grey Wolves

21. Mountain Forest Biome Located on west coast of Canada Temperatures vary with elevation Cool summers Windy conditions Heavy precipitation on windward side of mountains Fast-flowing rivers

22. Mountain Forest Plants Large coniferous trees Ferns

23. Mountain Forest Animals Squirrels Marmots

24. Mountain Forest Animals Elk

25. Mountain Forest Animals Black Bears Grizzly Bears

26. Mountain Forest Animals Cougars

27. Grassland Biome Dry, hot summers lead to fires, which help maintain grassland by slowing tree growth Longer growing season than boreal forest Higher temperatures than tundra or boreal forest Precipitation from 25 to 75 cm/year Rich, fertile soil

28. Grassland Plants Fescue Grasses

29. Grassland Plants Wheat

30. Grassland Animals Voles and mice Grasshoppers

31. Grassland Animals Bison

32. Grassland Animals Snakes

33. Grassland Animals Hawks

34. Grassland Animals Coyotes

35. Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome Great variety of deciduous trees and animals Longer growing season than boreal forest Higher temperatures than tundra or boreal forest Precipitation up to 100 cm/year Fertile soil

36. Temperate Deciduous Plants Deciduous Trees

37. Temperate Deciduous Plants Flowering Plants

38. Temperate Deciduous Animals Squirrels Shrews and Mice Black Bears Many Insects Deer

39. Temperate Deciduous Animals Hummingbirds

40. Temperate Deciduous Animals Weasels

41. Canada’s Biomes Tundra Mountain Forest Boreal Forest Grassland Temperate Deciduous Forest