1. Defining the Ultimate Aim A Global Context for Development Run in Slide Show mode

2. Sustainable Development

3. Triple Bottom Line http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sustainable_development.svg Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs… As such it requires the promotion of values that encourage consumption standards that are within the bounds of the ecologically possible and to which all could reasonably aspire.

4. Incidence of poverty among young people (in %) in Sub-Saharan Africa Country Less than US$ 2 per day Burundi, 199885.7 Côte d’Ivoire, 199846.5 Cameroon, 200149.1 Ethiopia, 200070.7 Ghana, 199866.5 Kenya, 199754.4 Madagascar, 200181.7 Mozambique, 199675.4 Malawi, 199766.3 Nigeria, 199692.9 Sierra Leone, 200368 Uganda, 199993.8 Zambia, 199886.3

5. At least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day

6. More than 80 percent of the world’s population lives in countries where income differentials are widening The poorest 40 percent of the world’s population accounts for 5 percent of global income. The richest 20 percent accounts for three-quarters of world income. According to UNICEF, 25,000 children die each day due to poverty. Around 27-28 percent of all children in developing countries are estimated to be underweight or stunted. The two regions that account for the bulk of the deficit are South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

7. Based on enrolment data, about 72 million children of primary school age in the developing world were not in school in 2005; 57 per cent of them were girls. Number of children in the world: 2.2 billion Number in poverty: 1 billion Number of children in the world: 2.2 billion Number in poverty: 1 billion Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a book or sign their names. Less than one per cent of what the world spent every year on weapons was needed to put every child into school by the year 2000 and yet it didn’t happen. Infectious diseases continue to blight the lives of the poor across the world. An estimated 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, with 3 million deaths in 2004. Every year there are 350–500 million cases of malaria, with 1 million fatalities: Africa accounts for 90 percent of malarial deaths and African children account for over 80 percent of malaria victims worldwide.

8. Poverty Map

10. CountryAnnual CO2 emissionsPercentage of total emissions China6,103,49321.5% United States5,752,28920.2% European Union3,914,35913.8% Russia1,564,6695.5% India1,510,3515.3% Japan1,293,4094.6% Germany805,0902.8% United Kingdom568,5202.0% Canada544,6801.9%

11. Known global oil reserves and countries with highest endowments, 2006 Oil reserves (billions of barrels) Share of world total Saudi Arabia264.620.40% Canada178.913.80% Iran132.510.30% Iraq1158.90% Kuwait101.57.90% United Arab Emirates97.87.60% Venezuela79.76.20% Russian Federation604.60% Rest of the world262.820.30% Fossil fuels will remain the main sources of energy through 2030 Fuel 198020062030 Annual growth: 2006-2030 Total (million metric tons oil equivalent) 7 22411 73017 0141.6% Coal 24.826.028.82.0% Oil 43.034.330.01.0% Gas 17.120.521.61.8% Nuclear 2.66.25.30.9% Hydropower 2.02.22.41.9% Blomass and waste 10.410.19.81.4% Other renewables 0.20.62.17.2%

13. Share of manufactures exports Y2000Y2006 East Asia & Pacific9%13% Europe and Central Asia3%4% Latin America and Carribean6% Middle East and North Africa1% South Asia1%2% Sub-Sharan Africa1% High income countries79%73%

14. Large current account surpluses and deficits 2005-07 average ($ billions) Share of all deficit / surplus economies (%) Percnateh of GDP United States-749.057.0%-6.0% Spain-113.09.0%-9.0% United Kingdom-74.06.0%-3.0% Australia-47.04.0%-6.0% Italy-43.03.0%-2.0% All deficit economies-1 303.0 China372.026.0%10.0% Germany256.018.0%6.0% Japan210.015.0%4.0% Saudi Arabia95.07.0%27.0% Russian Federation76.05.0%8.0% All surplus economies1 428.0

15. Fiscal position (% of GDP) Public debt, 2007 Maximum debt, 2002- 2007 Fiscal balance, 2007 Low-income economies40.587.9-2.4 Large economies36.787.9-1.9 East Asia and Pacific40.670.1-2.5 Europe and Central Asia31.777.5-2.6 Latin America and Carribean37.655.0-0.4 Middle East and North Africa41.257.8-4.8 South Asia57.166.4-3.4 Sub-Saharan Africa28.093.9-1.7 Small economies61.087.1-3.6 Middle-income economies34.151.1-0.6

16. Millennium Development Goals

25. The HDI measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development:  A long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth.  Knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weight) and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ratio (with one-third weight).  A decent standard of living, as measured by GDP per capita in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms in US dollars. PPP can be defined as the number of units of a country’s currency needed to buy the same amount of goods and services in that country as one U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. PPPs are preferable to currency exchange rates, which are determined by the demand for currencies to finance trade and investment and are also affected by speculative demands, because exchange rates do not necessarily reflect the relative prices of goods and services consumed in a country. Before the HDI itself is calculated, an index is created for each of these dimensions. To calculate these indices—the life expectancy, education and GDP indices—minimum and maximum values (goalposts) are chosen for each underlying indicator. For example, in 2004 the maximum and minimum values for life expectancy were 85 and 25 years, respectively. Performance in each dimension is expressed as a value between 0 and 1. The HDI is then calculated as a simple average of the dimension indices: HDI = 1/3 (life expectancy index) + 1/3 (education index)+ 1/3 (GDP index)

26. 1Iceland0.968 2Norway0.968 3Australia0.962 4Canada0.961 5Ireland0.959 8Japan0.953 12United States0.951 16United Kingdom0.946 19New Zealand0.943 High Level of Development 81China0.777 102Cape Verde0.736 104Algeria0.733 112Egypt0.708 119Gabon0.677 121South Africa0.674 124Botswana0.654 125Namibia0.65 126Morocco0.646 127Equatorial Guinea0.642 128India0.619 135Ghana0.553 137Mauritania0.55 138Lesotho0.549 139Congo0.548 141Swaziland0.547 143Madagascar0.533 144Cameroon0.532 147Sudan0.526 148Kenya0.521 149Djibouti0.516 151Zimbabwe0.513 152Togo0.512 154Uganda0.505 155Gambia0.502 156Senegal0.499 157Eritrea0.483 158Nigeria0.47 159Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.467 160Guinea0.456 161Rwanda0.452 162Angola0.446 163Benin0.437 164Malawi0.437 165Zambia0.434 166Côte d'Ivoire0.432 167Burundi0.413 168Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.411 169Ethiopia0.406 170Chad0.388 171Central African Republic 0.384 172Mozambique0.384 173Mali0.38 174Niger0.374 175Guinea-Bissau0.374 176Burkina Faso0.37 177Sierra Leone0.336