1. CANADA

2. AMERICAS HAT

3. Original Canadians Natives in Southern Ontario by 9,500 b.c.e Natives in Southern Ontario by 9,500 b.c.e Native population is estimated to have been between 500,000 and two million in the late 1400s By the 1700’s Native population is decreased by 85% WHY?

4. European contact French first to set up permanent settlements French first to set up permanent settlements Quebec City in 1608 Quebec City in 1608 English set up fishing outposts in Newfoundland in 1608 English set up fishing outposts in Newfoundland in 1608 Britain and France competition only means 1 thing…….. Britain and France competition only means 1 thing…….. Treaty of Utrecht (1713) England gets Nova Scotia, full control of Newfoundland England gets Nova Scotia, full control of Newfoundland Much more to come….. Much more to come…..

5. British receive Canada 7 years war ends with the treaty of Paris in 1763 7 years war ends with the treaty of Paris in 1763 Britain receives all of “New France” aka Canada Britain receives all of “New France” aka Canada Many French still in Canada. What kind of problem may this cause? Many French still in Canada. What kind of problem may this cause? Quebec act of 1771 allows Religious freedom Quebec act of 1771 allows Religious freedom 13 colonies upset 13 colonies upset

6. Cultural tensions in Canada Constitutional Act of 1791 Constitutional Act of 1791 Passed to ease ethnic tensions in Canada Passed to ease ethnic tensions in Canada What caused this increase in tensions? What caused this increase in tensions? Canada divided Canada divided Upper Canada Upper Canada received English law and institutions, received English law and institutions, Lower Canada Lower Canada retained French law and institutions retained French law and institutions Did this succeed? Did this succeed?

7. Canadian Rebellion Both upper and lower Canada are unhappy Both upper and lower Canada are unhappy Lower Canada revolts Lower Canada revolts Brits crush rebellion but want to know why it occurred Brits crush rebellion but want to know why it occurred Lord Dunham sent to Canada Lord Dunham sent to Canada His report recommended that the Canada's be united into one colony to assimilate the French-speaking into British culture His report recommended that the Canada's be united into one colony to assimilate the French-speaking Canadians into British culture Act of Union in 1840 Unites all of Canada Act of Union in 1840 Unites all of Canada Canadians given elected legislature to decide domestic issues Canadians given elected legislature to decide domestic issues Britain still controls foreign policy and trade Britain still controls foreign policy and trade

8. Canada 1800-1850 Hundreds of Thousands immigrated to Canada Hundreds of Thousands immigrated to Canada Reasons similar to U.S immigration Reasons similar to U.S immigration 40,000 Irish alone arrived in Toronto in 1848 40,000 Irish alone arrived in Toronto in 1848 As the country grew leaders urged Confederation As the country grew leaders urged Confederation The unification of Britain's North American colonies The unification of Britain's North American colonies Why would confederation be helpful? Why would confederation be helpful?

9. FREE CANADA! Canada made a Dominion in 1867 by the North American Act Canada made a Dominion in 1867 by the North American Act A self governing nation Canada had its own parliament, modeled on Britain Canada had its own parliament, modeled on Britain Some control of foreign policy Some control of foreign policy Although very close ties still remain with Britain the queen is figurehead

10. Canadian growth Canada’s development similar to U.S. Canada’s development similar to U.S. Late 19 th & early 20 th century Eastern European & Asian immigration Late 19 th & early 20 th century Eastern European & Asian immigration Westward expansion Westward expansion Confrontations with natives Confrontations with natives Luis Riel leads revolt of the Métis Luis Riel leads revolt of the Métis Native American and French Canadian ethnic group Native American and French Canadian ethnic group Believed government was trying to destroy land and culture Believed government was trying to destroy land and culture Gov’t troops crush rebellion Gov’t troops crush rebellion Riel is executed Riel is executed

11. Canada today By 1914 Canada was a flourishing nation but still had an internal issue By 1914 Canada was a flourishing nation but still had an internal issue French speaking Canadians try to keep their heritage even if it means separating from country French speaking Canadians try to keep their heritage even if it means separating from country This makes it difficult to form a national identity This makes it difficult to form a national identity Also U.S. influence constantly an issue on Canada Also U.S. influence constantly an issue on Canada