1. Trabajo de la campana ¿Quién es Iti? ¿Cuáles idiomas hablan en Perú? ¿Cómo se llama el baile de los andinos en Perú? ¿Quién vivía en Perú antes de los españoles?

2. DÍA DE LA RAZA

3. In Spanish-speaking countries and communities, Columbus Day is known as Día de la Raza, the Day of the Race.

6. From the Bahamas, Columbus went on to Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Haiti, and then went back to Spain to recount his adventures.

7. Now, over 500 years later, Día de la Raza celebrates Columbus’ discovery of the New World. It also recognizes the mixture of the European culture with the indigenous cultures to form a multi-cultural and multi- ethnic society.

8. Las Antillas Cuba, República Dominicana, y Puerto Rico

9. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

10. The Dominican Republic makes up the eastern two-thirds of the island Hispaniola in the Caribbean.

11. The Dominican Republic was first discovered by Christopher Columbus during his first voyage to the Americas in 1492.

13. The flag of the Dominican Republic was designed by founding father Juan Pablo Duarte, and adopted in 1844, the same year they declared their independence on February 27. It is centered with a white cross that extends to the edges and divides the flag into four rectangles. The color blue is for liberty, red for the blood of heroes, and white for salvation The Dominican Republic coat of arms features a shield in quartered colors of the flag, with a laurel branch to the left and a palm frond to the right. The blue ribbon above the shield displays the national motto: Dios, Patria, Libertad (God, Fatherland, Liberty). Below the shield, the words República Dominicana appear on a red ribbon. In the center of the shield, flanked by six spears, is a Bible with a small golden cross above it. Popular belief claims that the pages are opened to the Gospel of John 8:32, which reads, "Y la verdad os hará libre." (And the truth shall make you free.)

14. Sammy Sosa, Pedro Martinez, and Alex Rodriguez are all famous Dominican baseball players.

16. CUBA

17. The famous writer Ernest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea and For Whom the Bell Tolls while living in Cuba.

18. Cuba is located 90 miles south of Florida and its capital is Havana or La Habana

19. The official version of the Cuban government about the meaning of the shapes and colors of the Cuban flag says that the blue stripes refer to the three old divisions of the island, the two white to the strength of the independents’ ideal, the red triangle stands for equality, fraternity & freedom, as well as for the blood split in the struggle for independence; the lone star symbolizes the absolute freedom among the peoples

20. May 20 th commemorates Cuba's formal Independence from the United States in 1902. Christopher Columbus landed on the isle of Cuba in 1492. Cuba was a territory of Spain until the Spanish American war ended in 1898.

22. The U.S. has had a trade embargo against Cuba since 1960. In January 2015 the Obama administration announced plans to re-establish relations with Cuba. Several restrictions of the embargo have been loosened but the embargo on trade and tourism remains in place for now.

23. Musica de Cuba http://www.worldmusic.net/guide/music-of-cuba/ http://www.worldmusic.net/guide/music-of-cuba/ Cuba is the most important source of music in Latin America. The island has produced dance music that has traveled all over the world. At home music is inseparable from Cuba’s daily life and history. The Spanish imported African slaves to Cuba until the 1880s. Little surprise, then, that Cuban music has deep roots in African ritual and rhythm. By contrast, there is almost no influence from the pre-Hispanic tribes that were effectively obliterated by Spanish colonisation. By the 1840s, Africans constituted half of Cuba’s population. They asserted their distinct cultural identities through cult religions. The complex rhythms from these cults are the heartbeat of Cuban popular music. The physical and emotional intensity of Cuban music comes from African ritual cults.

24. Son Cubano https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaRJM76b8dA at 1:06min http://www.justsalsa.com/salsa/music/son/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaRJM76b8dA http://www.justsalsa.com/salsa/music/son/ Constructed from two pieces of wood, the claves are a percussion instrument made from the type of hardwood used in the construction of boats: rosewood, ebany, or granadilla. Upon striking one cylinder with the other a sound is produced which rises over all the other instruments, carries the rhythm, directs the melody and the steps of the dancers. The use of the claves began long ago in Cuba. Son is the predominant musical force in Cuba and the symbol of the island. Structurally, there are two parts: an opening verse followed by a montuno section in which the improvising singer is answered by a chorus. Sones are centered upon a clave rhythm. In the late 1920s, a trumpet was added and the son began to swing. By the 1940s, Cuban son had become part of the main- stream popular music in North and South America as well as the Caribbean. A few instrumentalists furthered the son sound adding congas & more trumpet & percussion.

25. PUERTO RICO

28. Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States and all Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens.

30. La bandera y independencia The white star stands for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico while the three sides of the equilateral triangle together represent the three branches of the Republican government (executive, legislative and judicial branches). The three red strips symbolize the blood that feeds those parts of the government. The two white stripes symbolizing the rights of man and the freedom of the individual, are a perpetual reminder of the need for vigilance of a democratic government is to be preserved. The flag is not flown except in company of the U.S. flag. Adopted in July 25, 1952. As a U.S. commonwealth, Puerto Rico does not have its own independence day, but rather on July 25, 1952, they became a commonwealth with their own constitution.

32. Musica en Puerto Rico Some of the instruments used in traditional Puerto Rican music originated with the Taíno people. Most noteworthy is the güicharo, or güiro, a notched hollowed-out gourd, which was adapted from pre-Columbian days. The musical traditions of the Spanish and Africans can also be heard in Puerto Rico's music. Some sustain that Puerto Rico are are responsible for salsa music’s birth It is said it was the mixture between Cuba & Puerto Rico that created ‘Salsa’ (literally meaning ‘mix’)

33. Youtube resources for salsa music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEGMxMmWSVM (son Cubano in the streets) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEGMxMmWSVM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8kxCB8GMt0 (best of Salsa mix) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8kxCB8GMt0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fgvv5_Ys0k (Christina Aguilera slow salsa mix song) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fgvv5_Ys0k