1. BY: VISHU KUMAR 1HK08EE055 Internal Guide: WASEEM KHANUM

2. INTRODUCTION Transmission line fault is monitored. The steady state operating mode of a power system is balanced 3-phase ac. When the insulation of the system fails at one or more points or a conducting object comes in contact with a live point, a short circuit or fault occurs. We indicate the fault on LCD. These faults are monitoring by using microcontroller.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. Precautions: While wiring, assembly and installation of the circuit make sure that you Use good quality wires. Use good quality relay Iron soldering temperature should be below 350 degree cent. Use good quality soldering wire.

5. BASIC COMPONENTS There are number of basic components, using in this project these are – (i). Power Supply for the circuit. (ii). Voltage regulator (iii). Diode (iv). Rectifier (v). Transformer. (vi). Resistors. (vii). Capacitors. (viii). Micro controller 8051 (ix). Lcd display

6. TYPES OF FAULTS OCCURING IN TRANSMISSION LINES Transient fault Persistent fault Symmetric fault Asymmetric fault

7. DESCRIPTION OF POWER SUPPLY:

8. WORKING Centre tapped step down transformer, diode, electrolyte, voltage regulator are the components used. First 220v ac supply given to the centre tapped transformer which step down the 220v ac supply in to 12v ac supply. After step-down transformer we use rectifier to convert ac supply in to dc supply.

9. For rectification of power we use diode which rectifies ac supply into dc supply. After rectification of power its converted in dc but this dc is pulsating so we use electrolyte which gives the static dc. Voltage regulator gives the 5v dc supply to the circuit and again gives to the electrolyte circuit to give static dc. Then we connect power supply circuit to the vcc of microcontroller.

10. MICROCONTROLLER

11. 8-bit data bus 16-bit address bus 32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits 16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less). 3 internal and 2 external interrupts. Bit as well as byte addressable RAM area of 16 bytes. Four 8-bit ports, (short models have two 8-bit ports). 16-bit program counter and data pointer

12. ADVANTAGE OF SYSTEM: Conventional fault detectors response is slow in nature and even they might not be able to detect the fault due to low level of fault current. However, designed network could perform well even in the presence of considerable amount of fault resistance. It is more accurate, reliable, than conventional system. Minimize the energy consumption of distributed sensor participating in fault management. By this system short circuit faults are relatively easy to detect and locate the fault position. We can also protect transformer using overheating device and position of transformer also locate. It is easy to install and use in system refurbishment.

13. DISADVANTAGES Expensive compare to other fault detectors. Corona Effect. Continuous observation required.

14. CONCLUSION We can use the wireless technique for fault indication. This model can be modified for long distance transmission faults. With the help of this model we can determine the location of a fault on a transmission line between a master station and a remote station.

15. REFERANCES http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm http://everything2.com/e2node/Lithium%2520ion%25 20battery http://www.batteryuniversity.com http://news- service.stanford.edu/news/2008/january9/nanowire- 010908.html http://www.nano.gov/html/research/industry.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=5210.php

16. THANK YOU