1. In this ppt, the following abbreviations have been made: environmental – env organization – org environmental management system - EMS However, not in headlines

2. 0 Introduction Aim: — protecting the env by preventing or mitigating adverse env impacts; — mitigating the potential adverse effect of env conditions on the org; — assisting the org in the fulfilment of compliance obligations; — enhancing env performance; — controlling or influencing the way the org’s products and services are designed, manufactured, distributed, consumed and disposed by using a life cycle perspective that can prevent env impacts from being unintentionally shifted elsewhere within the life cycle; — achieving financial and operational benefits that can result from implementing environmentally sound alternatives that strengthen the org’s market position; — communicating env information to relevant interested parties.

4. 1 Scope The intended outcomes of an EMS include: — enhancement of env performance; — fulfilment of compliance obligations; — achievement of env objectives This International Standard is applicable to any org, regardless of size, type and nature, and applies to the env aspects of its activities, products and services that the org determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle perspective. This International Standard does not state specific env performance criteria. 2 Normative references Empty 3 Terms and definitions It is what it says

5. 4 Context of the organization 4.1 Understanding the organization and its context The org shall determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and that affect its ability to achieve the intended outcomes of its EMS. Such issues shall include env conditions being affected by or capable of affecting the org. 4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties The org shall determine: a) the interested parties that are relevant to the EMS; b) the relevant needs and expectations (i.e. requirements) of these interested parties; c) which of these needs and expectations become its compliance obligations.

6. 4.3 Determining the scope of the environmental management system The org shall determine the boundaries and applicability of the EMS to establish its scope. When determining this scope, the org shall consider: a) the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1; b) the compliance obligations referred to in 4.2; c) its organizational units, functions and physical boundaries; d) its activities, products and services; e) its authority and ability to exercise control and influence. Once the scope is defined, all activities, products and services of the org within that scope need to be included in the EMS. The scope shall be maintained as documented information and be available to interested parties.

7. 4.4 Environmental management system To achieve the intended outcomes, including enhancing its env performance, the org shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve an EMS, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard. The org shall consider the knowledge gained in 4.1 and 4.2 when establishing and maintaining the EMS.

8. 5 Leadership 5.1 Leadership and commitment Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to the EMS by: a) taking accountability for the effectiveness of the EMS b) ensuring that the env policy and env objectives are established and are compatible with the strategic direction and the context of the org; c) ensuring the integration of the EMS requirements into the org’s business processes; d) ensuring that the resources needed for the EMS are available; e) communicating the importance of effective env management and of conforming to the EMS requirements; f) ensuring that the EMS achieves its intended outcomes; g) directing and supporting persons to contribute to the effectiveness of the EMS; h) promoting continual improvement; i) supporting other relevant management roles to demonstrate their leadership as it applies to their areas of responsibility.

9. 5.2 Environmental policy Top management shall establish, implement and maintain an env policy that, within the defined scope of its EMS: a)is appropriate to the purpose and context of the org, including the nature, scale and env impacts of its activities, products and services; b) provides a framework for setting env objectives; c) includes a commitment to the protection of the env, including prevention of pollution and other specific commitment(s) relevant to the context of the org; d) includes a commitment to fulfil its compliance obligations; e) includes a commitment to continual improvement of the EMS to enhance env performance. The env policy shall: — be maintained as documented information; — be communicated within the org; — be available to interested parties.

10. 5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities Top management shall ensure that the responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles are assigned and communicated within the org. Top management shall assign the responsibility and authority for: a) ensuring that the EMS conforms to the requirements of this International Standard; b) reporting on the performance of the EMS, including env performance, to top management.

11. 6 Planning 6.1 Actions to address risk associated with threats and opportunities 6.1.1 General The org shall establish, implement and maintain the process(es) needed to meet the requirements in 6.1.1 to 6.1.4. When planning for the EMS, the org shall consider: a) the issues referred to in 4.1; b) the requirements referred to in 4.2; c) the scope of its EMS;

12. 6.1.1 General (cont.) and determine the risks and opportunities, related to its env aspects (see 6.1.2), compliance obligations (see 6.1.3) and other issues and requirements, identified in 4.1 and 4.2, that need to be addressed to: — give assurance that the EMS can achieve its intended outcomes; — prevent or reduce undesired effects, including the potential for external env conditions to affect the org; — achieve continual improvement. Within the scope of the EMS, the org shall determine potential emergency situations, including those that can have an env impact. The org shall maintain documented information of its: — risks and opportunities that need to be addressed; — process(es) needed in 6.1.1 to 6.1.4, to the extent necessary to have confidence they are carried out as planned.

13. 6.1.2 Environmental aspects Within the defined scope of the EMS, the org shall determine the env aspects of its activities, products and services that it can control and those that it can influence, and their associated env impacts, considering a life cycle perspective. When determining env aspects, the org shall take into account: a) change, including planned or new developments, and new or modified activities, products and services; b) abnormal conditions and reasonably foreseeable emergency situations. The org shall determine those aspects that have or can have a significant env impact, i.e. significant env aspects, by using established criteria.

14. 6.1.2 Environmental aspects (cont.) The org shall communicate its significant env aspects among the various levels and functions of the org, as appropriate. The org shall maintain documented information of its: — env aspects and associated env impacts; — criteria used to determine its significant env aspects; — significant env aspects.

15. 6.1.3 Compliance obligations The org shall: a) determine and have access to the compliance obligations related to its env aspects; b) determine how these compliance obligations apply to the org; c) take these compliance obligations into account when establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving its EMS. The org shall maintain documented information of its compliance obligations.

16. 6.1.4 Planning action The org shall plan: a) to take actions to address its: 1) significant env aspects; 2) compliance obligations; 3) risks and opportunities identified in 6.1.1; b) how to: 1) integrate and implement the actions into its EMS processes (see 6.2, Clause 7, Clause 8 and 9.1), or other business processes; 2) evaluate the effectiveness of these actions (see 9.1). When planning these actions, the org shall consider its technological options and its financial, operational and business requirements.

17. 6.2 Environmental objectives and planning to achieve them 6.2.1 Environmental objectives The org shall establish env objectives at relevant functions and levels, taking into account the org’s significant env aspects and associated compliance obligations, and considering its risks and opportunities. The env objectives shall be: a) consistent with the env policy; b) measurable (if practicable); c) monitored; d) communicated; e) updated as appropriate. The org shall maintain documented information on the env objectives.

18. 6.2.2 Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives When planning how to achieve its env objectives, the org shall determine: a) what will be done; b) what resources will be required; c) who will be responsible; d) when it will be completed; e) how the results will be evaluated, including indicators for monitoring progress toward achievement of its measurable env objectives (see 9.1.1). The org shall consider how actions to achieve its env objectives can be integrated into the org’s business processes.

19. 7 Support 7.1 Resources The org shall determine and provide the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the EMS.

20. 7.2 Competence The org shall: a)determine the necessary competence of person(s) doing work under its control that affects its env performance and its ability to fulfil its compliance obligations; b)ensure that these persons are competent on the basis of appropriate education, training or experience; c) determine training needs associated with its env aspects and its EMS; d) where applicable, take actions to acquire the necessary competence, and evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken. NOTE Applicable actions can include, for example, the provision of training to, the mentoring of, or the reassignment of currently employed persons; or the hiring or contracting of competent persons. The org shall retain appropriate documented information as evidence of competence.

21. 7.3 Awareness The org shall ensure that persons doing work under the org’s control are aware of: a) the env policy; b) the significant env aspects and related actual or potential env impacts associated with their work; c) their contribution to the effectiveness of the EMS, including the benefits of enhanced env performance; d) the implications of not conforming with the EMS requirements, including not fulfilling the org’s compliance obligations.

22. 7.4 Communication 7.4.1 General The org shall establish, implement and maintain the process(es) needed for internal and external communications relevant to the EMS, including: a) on what it will communicate; b) when to communicate; c) with whom to communicate; d) how to communicate. When establishing its communication process(es), the org shall: — take into account its compliance obligations; — ensure that env information communicated is consistent with information generated within the EMS, and is reliable. The org shall respond to relevant communications on its EMS. The org shall retain documented information as evidence of its communications, as appropriate.

23. 7.4.2 Internal communication The org shall: a) internally communicate information relevant to the EMS among the various levels and functions of the org, including changes to the EMS, as appropriate; b) ensure its communication process(es) enable(s) persons doing work under the org’s control to contribute to continual improvement. 7.4.3 External communication The org shall externally communicate information relevant to the EMS, as established by the org’s communication process(es) and as required by its compliance obligations.

24. 7.5 Documented information 7.5.1 General The org’s EMS shall include: a) documented information required by this International Standard; b) documented information determined by the org as being necessary for the effectiveness of the EMS. NOTE The extent of documented information for an EMS can differ from one org to another due to: — the size of org and its type of activities, processes, products and services; — the need to demonstrate fulfilment of its compliance obligations; — the complexity of processes and their interactions; — the competence of persons doing work under the org’s control.

25. 7.5.2 Creating and updating When creating and updating documented information, the org shall ensure appropriate: a)identification and description (e.g. a title, date, author, or reference number); b) format (e.g. language, software version, graphics) and media (e.g. paper, electronic); c) review and approval for suitability and adequacy.

26. 7.5.3 Control of documented information Documented information required by the EMS and by this International Standard shall be controlled to ensure: a) it is available and suitable for use, where and when it is needed; b) it is adequately protected (e.g. from loss of confidentiality, improper use, or loss of integrity). For the control of documented information, the org shall address the following activities as applicable: — distribution, access, retrieval and use; — storage and preservation, including preservation of legibility; — control of changes (e.g. version control); — retention and disposition. Documented information of external origin determined by the org to be necessary for the planning and operation of the EMS shall be identified, as appropriate, and controlled.

27. 8 Operation 8.1 Operational planning and control The org shall establish, implement, control and maintain the processes needed to meet EMS requirements, and to implement the actions identified in 6.1 and 6.2, by: — establishing operating criteria for the process(es); — implementing control of the process(es), in accordance with the operating criteria. NOTE Controls can include engineering controls and procedures. Controls can be implemented following a hierarchy (e.g. elimination, substitution, administrative) and can be used individually or in combination. The org shall control planned changes and review the consequences of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate any adverse effects, as necessary. The org shall ensure that outsourced processes are controlled or influenced. The type and extent of control or influence to be applied to the process(es) shall be defined within the EMS.

28. 8.1 Operational planning and control (cont.) Consistent with a life cycle perspective, the org shall: a)establish controls, as appropriate, to ensure that its env requirement(s) is (are) addressed in the design and development process for the product or service, considering each life cycle stage; b) determine its env requirement(s) for the procurement of products and services, as appropriate; c) communicate its relevant env requirement(s) to external providers, including contractors; d) consider the need to provide information about potential significant env impacts associated with the transportation or delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal of its products and services. The org shall maintain documented information to the extent necessary to have confidence that the processes have been carried out as planned.

29. 8.2 Emergency preparedness and response The org shall establish, implement and maintain the process(es) needed to prepare for and respond to potential emergency situations identified in 6.1.1. The org shall: a)prepare to respond by planning actions to prevent or mitigate adverse env impacts from emergency situations; b) respond to actual emergency situations; c) take action to prevent or mitigate the consequences of emergency situations, appropriate to the magnitude of the emergency and the potential env impact; d) periodically test the planned response actions, where practicable; e) periodically review and revise the process(es) and planned response actions, in particular after the occurrence of emergency situations or tests;

30. 8.2 Emergency preparedness and response (cont.) f) provide relevant information and training related to emergency preparedness and response, as appropriate, to relevant interested parties, including persons working under its control. The org shall maintain documented information to the extent necessary to have confidence that the process(es) is (are) carried out as planned.

31. 9 Performance evaluation 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation 9.1.1 General The org shall monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate its env performance. The org shall determine: a) what needs to be monitored and measured; b) the methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation, as applicable, to ensure valid results; c) the criteria against which the org will evaluate its env performance, and appropriate indicators; d) when the monitoring and measuring shall be performed; e) when the results from monitoring and measurement shall be analysed and evaluated.

32. 9.1.1 General (cont.) The org shall ensure that calibrated or verified monitoring and measurement equipment is used and maintained, as appropriate. The org shall evaluate its env performance and the effectiveness of the EMS. The org shall communicate relevant env performance information both internally and externally, as identified in its communication process(es) and as required by its compliance obligations. The org shall retain appropriate documented information as evidence of the monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation results.

33. 9.1.2 Evaluation of compliance The org shall establish, implement and maintain the process(es) needed to evaluate fulfilment of its compliance obligations. The org shall: a) determine the frequency that compliance will be evaluated; b) evaluate compliance and take action if needed; c) maintain knowledge and understanding of its compliance status. The org shall retain documented information as evidence of the compliance evaluation result(s).

34. 9.2 Internal audit 9.2.1 General The org shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the EMS: a) conforms to: 1) the org’s own requirements for its EMS; 2) the requirements of this International Standard; b) is effectively implemented and maintained.

35. 9.2.2 Internal audit programme The org shall establish, implement and maintain (an) internal audit programme(s), including the frequency, methods, responsibilities, planning requirements and reporting of its internal audits. When establishing the internal audit programme, the org shall take into consideration the env importance of the processes concerned, changes affecting the org and the results of previous audits. The org shall: a) define the audit criteria and scope for each audit; b) select auditors and conduct audits to ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process; c) ensure that the results of the audits are reported to relevant management. The org shall retain documented information as evidence of the implementation of the audit programme and the audit results.

36. 9.3 Management review Top management shall review the org’s EMS, at planned intervals, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. The management review shall include consideration of: a) the status of actions from previous management reviews; b) changes in: 1) external and internal issues that are relevant to the EMS; 2) the needs and expectations of interested parties, including compliance obligations; 3) its significant env aspects; 4) risks and opportunities; c) the extent to which env objectives have been achieved;

37. 9.3 Management review (cont.) d) information on the org’s env performance, including trends in: 1) nonconformities and corrective actions; 2) monitoring and measurement results; 3) fulfilment of its compliance obligations; 4) audit results; e) adequacy of resources; f) relevant communication(s) from interested parties, including complaints;

38. 9.3 Management review (cont.) g) opportunities for continual improvement. The outputs of the management review shall include: — conclusions on the continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the EMS; — decisions related to continual improvement opportunities; — decisions related to any need for changes to the EMS, including resources; — actions, if needed, when env objectives have not been achieved; — opportunities to improve integration of the EMS with other business processes, if needed; — any implications for the strategic direction of the org. The org shall retain documented information as evidence of the results of management reviews.

39. 10 Improvement 10.1 General The org shall determine opportunities for improvement (see 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3) and implement necessary actions to achieve the intended outcomes of its EMS 10.2 Nonconformity and corrective action When a nonconformity occurs, the org shall: a) react to the nonconformity and, as applicable: 1) take action to control and correct it; 2) deal with the consequences, including mitigating adverse env impacts; 10.3 Continual improvement The org shall continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the EMS to enhance env performance.

40. EMAS III EMAS III is very close to the old version of ISO 14001. EMAS III includes all necessary requirements from ISO 14001:2004 (i.e. Ch 4), letter by letter EMAS III has some “extras” compared to ISO14001:2004 (see below) Since ISO 14001 has included some new things, this means that ISO 14001 also has some “extras” compared to EMAS III: mainly 4.1, 4.2 and 6.1.1 (Risk and Opp)

41. EMAS III The following parts of EMAS III will be addressed today Article 3 Competent body Article 4 Preparation for registration Article 6, 7, 8 See slide below Article 9 Internal Environmental Audit Article 10 The EMAS logo Annex I Environmental Review Annex II EMAS - ISO14001 Annex III Internal Audit Annex IV Environmental Reporting Annex V EMAS Logo

42. EMAS III Article 3 Competent body The registration from organisations should be handled by the Competent body, also withdrawal of registrations The competent body should also help SME’s and inform the public about EMAS

43. EMAS III Article 4 Preparation for registration Env Review; Implement an Env Management System; Internal Audit; Env Statement; Show legal compliance; Everything should be verified by an Accredited Verifier

44. EMAS (Articles 6, 7, 8) Audit frequency for a normal company (or in brackets for a non-complicated activity) External audit - between 1-3 (4) years including a “new” Env Statement Each year (biennial) Limited Internal audits, the whole company covered in 3 years (alt 4y) Updated Environmental Statement Substantial change, then an audit! ISO14001: 2 internal and 2 external audits under normal circumstances 1 internal and 1 external audit for non-complicated activities Every three years a full certification audit, the ones in-between are more limited GU: 21 internal man-days and 8 external man-days. Approx 43 dep, 10 faculties

45. Audit frequencies EMAS: Internal audits (small companies with small impact on env in brackets): The whole company must be covered in 3 (alt 4) years. There must be an internal audit activity each year (alt 2 year interval) External audits: The full verification audit is repeated each third year (fourth), or sometimes more often. The updated statement is validated each year (2 year interval for small companies with small impact on env). New statement every third year (fourth). ISO 14001: Internal audits: The whole company should be covered each year. At least one audit per year, sometimes twice a year (or more in large companies) External audits: A full certification audit each third year. Surveillance audits at least once a year, covering the whole company in three years. Normally twice a year. Large companies/organisations can have other types of systems, like Univ of Gothenburg 21 internal audit days and 8 external audit days per year. Large changes in activities demand new certification/verification audits!

46. EMAS III Article 9 Internal Environmental Audit An audit programme, securing that all parts are audited over a period of 3 years (4 for small org) Capable and sufficiently independent auditors Written reports leading to action plan, then follow up

47. EMAS III Article 10 The EMAS logo, Annex V EMAS Logo Not on products Avoid misunderstanding as Env Labelling

48. EMAS III Annex I Environmental Review 1) Identification of the applicable legal requirements relating to the environment 2) Identification of all direct and indirect environmental aspects with a significant impact on the environment, qualified and quantified as appropriate and compiling a register of those identified as significant Both direct and indirect, also more practical info 3) Description of the criteria for assessing the significance of the environmental impact 4) Examination of all existing environmental management practices and procedures. 5) Evaluation of feedback from the investigation of previous incidents.

49. EMAS III Annex II EMAS - ISO14001 See table in EMAS III Mandatory review; Legal compliance (???); Performance (???); Employee involvement; Communication (open dialogue and yearly statement)

50. EMAS III Annex III Internal Audit Info about objectives, scope, frequency, and how the audit should be performed, reported and followed up, is provided. See text in EMAS III

51. EMAS III Annex IV Environmental Reporting We work with this in a special exercise later in the course. What should be included in the Statement is stated in the annex, and also which indicators that must be included.

52. Miscellaneous 2011 EMAS opened up for a global application! The competent body, still within EU. Not so many registrations yet! An in-between external audit is called a surveillance audit There should be a schedule for when and by whom the internal audits should be carried out

53. Comparison EMAS – ISO14001; organisation, nomenclature EMASISO14001 EC ISO, TC/SC Competent body SIS SWEDAC Accredited/Licensed Env VerifierAccredited Certification Body The company/org is The company/org is verified and registered certified Validated is the word for checking and accepting the statement Verified is the word for checking and accepting the different parts of the management system, except for the statement. Registered is the formal acceptance by the Competent body

54. Jämförelse EMAS – ISO14001; organisation, språkbruk EMASISO14001 KommissionenISO, TC/SC Miljöstyrningsrådet SISSWEDAC Ackr./Lic Miljökontrollanter Ackr. Certifieringsorgan Företaget blir kontrollerat Företaget blir certifierat godkänt och registrerat Validate = godkänna Verify = kontrollera Verified kan också vara Godkänd Verifier = Miljökontrollant

55. Accredited Verifiers in Sweden for EMAS Bureau Veritas Certification Sweden AB (BVQI) Det Norske Veritas Certification AB (DNV) LRQA Sweden AB Intertek Semko Certification AB SFK Certification Ltd SP Technical Research Institute

56. Environmental diploma Miljödiplomering Gothenburg version (the original) Basic requirements: Fulfill legal requirements Environmental manager Environmental review Waste management procedure Chemical list Purchasing procedure Policy,targets,programs Environmental education for all staff Internal och external communication 75% fulfillment of the relevant points in the Diploma checklist External ”audit” Extra requirements when ”re-diploma” after 1 year: Map climate impact Questions to the suppliers More education Env indicators presented in a yearly report http://goteborg.se/wps/portal/foretag/miljoanpassa-foretaget/miljodiplomering/

57. Swedish Env Base Svensk Miljöbas 3.2 Environmental manager 3.3 Environmental review 3.4 Policy,targets,programs http://svenskmiljobas.se 3.5 Procedures for minimising env impact 3.6 Legal requirements 3.7 Emergency preparedness 3.8 Training needs and skills requirements 3.9 Internal och external communication 3.10 Self-monitoring and continuous improvement 3.11 Management review 3.12 Audit Audits each year during the first four years and then at least every two years Third-party audits by the second audit, and then at least every four years The audits should be conducted by SMB approved auditors Differences compared to ISO14001: Lower requirements when it comes to documentation, number of mandatory procedures, e.g. no 4.5.3 procedure, (Non- conformity, corrective …)