1. IBM Enterprise X-Architecture Expanding Industry Standards for Business Advantage Randy Kolvick IBM

2. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 2 Linux Technology Center Linux Services Open Source Development Lab Linux Whitepapers and Redbooks ibm.com/linux  Technical Support  WW Competence Centers Products Worldwide Porting Centers Linux Enabled Business Partners Linux Sales Specialists Linux Integration Center Use Linux internally IBM’s Linux Strategy

3. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 3 Firewall Servers Routers Switches UI Data DNS Servers Caching Appliances Web Servers SSL Appliances Application Servers Security & Directory Servers File/Print Servers LAN Servers Database Servers Business Data PCs UNIX PCs Mainframe Today’s Infrastructure

4. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 4 Logical Simplification  Systems managed as one  Multiple OSes per server  Rapid provisioning  Automatic workload mgt, Virtualization Virtual Servers, Storage, Networks Storage Servers Simplification …Requires Breakthrough Technologies Physical Consolidation  Fewer servers and licenses  Disparate management tools  Labor intense provisioning Windows Server NetWare Server Linux Server Networking Storage  One workload per server  Disparate management tools  Manual provisioning Complex Windows Servers Linux Servers NetWare Servers Management Servers Networking Storage

5. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 5 I/O Device - DASD I/O Device - NIC I/O Device - Mgmt High-Speed Cache Processor Hyperthreading Scale-up systems Physical and logical partitioning Scalability ports IA-32 and IA-64 Pay as you grow Memory Memory mirroring Native Chipkill™ Redundant bit steering Highest memory bandwidth available Scrubbing Mainframe-inspired Technologies Enterprise X-Architecture delivers lower TCO Input/Output (I/O) Remote I/O High performance PCI-X Cache High-performance L4 system cache 32 MB or 64 MB per SMP expansion module

6. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 6 Chipkill™ Memory  Integrated into XA-32 and XA-64 chipsets for using off-the-shelf DIMMs  Better memory reliability to support In-Memory Databases  Chipkill Memory enables increased availability by detecting and correcting multiple-bit memory DIMM errors  Third-Generation Chipkill design (1: 7000 M10, 2: 7600/6000) EXA: Powering High Availability with Active Memory™ Memory ProteXion™ - Redundant Bit Steering  Redundant Bit Steering is similar to the "hot-spare" of a DASD Array  Utilizes unused bits in each memory DIMM (hot spare bits)  Double the number of Chipkills sustainable per server  Included at no additional cost, requires no additional hardware, and works independently of operating system Memory Mirroring + Hot-Swap Memory  Propels Intel®-based servers towards continuous operations  Dramatically increases uptime and allows scheduled maintenance  Mainframe capability and reliability  Operating System Independent: Does not require drivers or OS Support  Enables Hot Swap Memory

7. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 7 Memory Board 1-4 CPUs High-Speed L4 Access FSB High-Speed PCI-X Devices Result: Higher system performance through reduced latency  IBM XA-32™ chipset adds High-Performance Level-4 System Cache ƒ64 MB per SMP Expansion Module, Up to 256MB ƒBalanced design maximizing critical server subsystem performance above 4-way ƒNewer High-Performance processors can now work out of the L4 Cache rather than competing with high-speed PCI-X adapters for memory ƒUp to 12% reduced memory latency with XA-32 2nd generation chipset – a significant turbo boost! XceL4™ Server Accelerator Cache

8. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 8 XpandOnDemand™ Scalability

9. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 9 Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP RXE-100 One or Two Six Packs RXE-100 One or Two Six Packs Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon™ MP Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Intel® Xeon MP™ Modular scalability Modularity 2 to 16 Intel® Xeon™ CPUs 2 to 16 Intel® Itanium ® 2 CPUs 4 CPU modules Intel® Processors Provide proven dependability Outstanding price / performance Choice for front-end & mid-tier servers Modular mechanical Power / cooling / base I/O 8 Intel Xeon CPUs 4 Intel® Itanium ® 2 CPUs Redundant interconnects 3 x 3.2GB/s per CPU module Auto-redirect on cable failure Hot cable re-plug Direct to Memory Controllers Modular I/O (RIO) 6 PCI-X per base mechanical 12 PCI-X add-on modules (RXE) Full PCI-X speeds – all peer busses XpandOnDemand™ Scalability (XA-32 and XA-64)

10. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 10 Remote I/O Proven high-speed interconnect Shared remote I/O unit Unmatched Flexibility Near limitless expansion capability

11. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 11 System Partitioning One physical partition with one operating system instance Multiple physical partitions with distributed workloads

12. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 12 VMware ESX Architecture Virtualization layer maps virtual hardware to real hardware Can multiplex several virtual hardware to single real hardware High Performance – map directly on hardware Run multiple operating systems concurrently Standard unmodified operating systems “Standard” computer ESX architecture

13. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 13 OnForever™ Technology Software Resource monitoring Capacity manager Software rejuvenation Hardware Predictive Failure Analysis ® Light path diagnostics Redundant / hot-swap components

14. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 14 32-bit applications Mature application ecosystem Superior price/performance 64-bit applications Larger instruction set Large memory addressability Larger data size 64-bit extensions Best of Both Worlds  Enable application ecosystem  Price/performance  Large memory addressability  Smooth transition to 64-bit - Intel extends Xeon 32 bit processor to 64 bits... - IBM adds 64 bit experience and new function... Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) tended Design Architecture

15. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 15 Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) 64 bit extensions and memory... Address SpaceIA-32EM64T Virtual Memory4 GB16 TB Paging File16 TB512 TB Hyperspace4 MB8 GB Paged Pool470 MB128 GB Non-Paged Pool256 MB128 GB System Cache1 GB1 TB tended Design Architecture

16. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 16 Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) Registers... IA-32 CPUIA-32 CPU w / EM64T Number of GPR816 Size of GPR32-bit64-bit Number of XMM816 Size of XMM128-bit tended Design Architecture

17. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 17 Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) Processor ModeOSApplicationRequirements Legacy IA-32 Mode32-bit No special requirements IA-32e Compatibility Mode 64-bit32-bit No recompilation required; application may need to be re- validated IA-32e 64-bit Mode 64-bit Application must be code clean for 64-bit Intel Architecture and then recompiled and validated for EM64T How is EM64T used? tended Design Architecture

18. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 18 IBM delivers eServer X 3, 3rd-generation EXA 3 rd generation EXA + 64 bit Xeon MP = Xtreme Performance - Up to 75% higher performance than EXA 2G (x365, x445) - Higher performance than Itanium2 (x455) - Higher performance than Opteron (HP DL585) - Higher performance than other Intel-based server designs Increased Modular Scalability: XpandOnDemand - Grow up to 32-way in 4-CPU increments - Mainframe inspired technology used to increase scalability - 64-bit memory addressability supporting up to 512GB - Optimized for high-end virtualization for server consolidation No-compromise Availability - Next-generation Active Memory™ with DDR2 Performance - Hot-swap Memory support with all DIMMs accessible - Tightly integrated remote systems management + security Investment Protection - Supports 32-bit & 64-bit applications on the same platform - Migrate to 64-bit as needed or as supported by commercial apps - Dual-core Capable

19. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 19 X 3 – Behind Breakthrough Performance Supports next generation Intel processors Cranford for initial release, Potomac for scalable servers – Support for future dual-core Intel processors Optimized for both deferred and in-order bus operation IBM EDRAM technology leveraged to incorporate snoop filter in chipset – Reduces latencies and traffic, especially for in-order Significantly reduced latencies for increased performance 3X improvement in main memory latency 3X improvement in node-to-node latency – SMP scaling equal to or better than a crossbar or switch structure – Retains all EXA modularity benefits

20. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 20 EXA II vs. X 3 - Examining Breakthrough Performance IBM Innovation CPU bus snoop filter 1/3rd memory latency 2X Scalability Port (bi-di) Scalability: Twister 64MB L4 Cache IA32 Proc IA32 Proc IA32 Proc IA32 Proc IO, Memory: Cyclone SMI I/O Exp Winni- peg I/O Exp Winni- peg PCI-X Up to 32 DIMMS SDR, DDR Scalability Ports Up to 32-way Programmable Virtual L4 cache Scalability Ports Up to 64-way IA32e Proc IA32e Proc IA32e Proc IA32e Proc PCI-X 2.0 SMI II SMI II SMI II SMI II I/O Exp Calgary I/O Exp Calgary PCI-X 2.0 3X 7X 2X 3X Scalability, I/O, Mem: Hurricane Intel Contributions 16X Mem Addr (64GB->1TB) 3X CPU Bus Bandwidth Industry Technology 7X Memory Bandwidth 3X I/O Bandwidth

21. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 21 Scalability: Twister 64MB L4 Cache IA32 Proc IA32 Proc IA32 Proc IA32 Proc IO, Memory: Cyclone SMI I/O Exp Winni- peg I/O Exp Winni- peg PCI-X Up to 32 DIMMS SDR, DDR Scalability Ports Up to 32-way Scalability Ports Up to 64-way IA32e Proc IA32e Proc IA32e Proc IA32e Proc PCI-X 2.0 SMI II SMI II SMI II SMI II I/O Exp Calgary I/O Exp Calgary PCI-X 2.0 3X 7X 2X 3X Scalability, I/O, Mem: Hurricane EXA II vs. X3 – Revolution, not Evolution

22. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 22 Recapping Major Changes EXA 2 to X 3 Single Front Side Bus split in two Doubling connections between processors, memory and I/O Fewer FSB electrical loads allows higher frequency operation Net of 3X FSB bandwidth improvement Node control chip (Twister) merged with Memory control chip (Cyclone) Significant increase in main store bandwidth Significant reduction in main store latencies Lower overall costs 400MHz DDR L4 cache chip removed Main memory latency reductions obviate need for dedicated L4 Virtual L4 technology improves multi-node scalability I/O controller chip (Winnipeg) upgraded to PCI-X 2.0 (Calgary) Improved bandwidth and RAS PCI-X 133GHz -> PCI-X 2 266MHz slot bandwidth Major focus on remote latency reduction Results in multi-node system scaling like a flat SMP

23. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 23 IntelliStation Workstations Uni to 2-way SMP 2D - 3D Graphics eServer Intel ® -based BladeCenter M Pro Z Pro Enterprise Scale Out Offerings Uni to 4-way nodes, scalable clustering IBM eServer Cluster 1350 With Intel ® -based xSeries Servers eServer xSeries 365 Distributed Tower Servers Uni to 4-way SMP xSeries 226 xSeries 236 Scale Out Rack Optimized Servers Uni to 4-way SMP Enterprise Scale Up Servers 2-way to 16-way SMP xSeries 445 xSeries 343 NEBs Solution xSeries 346 xSeries 255 xSeries 306 xSeries 336 xSeries 206 xSeries 455 xSeries 382 eServer xSeries IBM Director 4.2 IBM eServer Intel-based Portfolio

24. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 24 Up to 4 processors per blade Up to 14 blades per 7U chassis Up to 6 chassis per standard rack Full performance and manageability of rack-optimized platforms… …at TWICE the density of most comparable non-blade 1U servers Full performance and manageability of rack-optimized platforms… …at TWICE the density of most comparable non-blade 1U servers IBM BladeCenter HS20 and HS40 are powered by Intel® Xeon™ Processors IBM eServer BladeCenter Intel® Xeon™ Processors  Provide proven dependability  Outstanding price / performance  Choice for front-end & mid-tier servers

25. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 25 Layer 2 Switches SSL Appliances Caching Appliances Storage Fibre Switches SSL Appliances Caching Appliances Step 1 Consolidate Servers File Servers Web Servers Security Gateway WebSphere Application Servers Network Servers Application Servers Security Servers Application Servers SAN Layer 4-7 Switches Public Internet/ Intranet Clients Routers (Layer 3 Switches) Firewalls

26. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 26 Storage Fibre Switches SSL Appliances Caching Appliances SSL Appliances Caching Appliances Step 2 Integrate First Layer of the Network (L2) Storage Fibre Switches SAN Layer 4-7 Switches Public Internet/ Intranet Clients Routers (Layer 3 Switches) Firewalls Layer 2 Switches

27. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 27 Storage Fibre Switches SSL Appliances Caching Appliances SSL Appliances Caching Appliances Step 3 Integrate Storage Fabric Layer 4-7 Switches Public Internet/ Intranet Clients Routers (Layer 3 Switches) Firewalls SAN

28. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 28 SSL Appliances Caching Appliances SSL Appliances Caching Appliances Layer 4-7 Switches Public Internet/ Intranet Clients Routers (Layer 3 Switches) Firewalls SAN Step 4 Integrate Second Layer of the Network (L4-7)

29. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 29 SSL Appliances Caching Appliances SSL Appliances Caching Appliances Public Internet/ Intranet Clients Routers (Layer 3 Switches) Firewalls SAN Step 5 Consolidate Applications

30. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 30 Public Internet/ Intranet Clients Routers (Layer 3 Switches) Firewalls SAN Result BladeCenter Collapses Complexity

31. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 31 xSeries Value Proposition Investment in innovation Technology leverage On demand Driving industry standards Power of choice Mainframe inspired technologies deliver lower TCO Leadership price/performance due to Enterprise X-Architecture Pay as you grow modular computing strategy Integrated blade solution enables infrastructure simplification Reduced IT costs via infrastructure simplification with hardware from the Fastest Growing Intel-based Server Manufacturer: - 9 Quarters in a Row -

32. © November 19, 2016 Novell Inc. 32 “By combining the robustness and considerable cost-effectiveness of Linux with the high performance of the eServer xSeries systems, our Web site is now highly secure as well as affordable to run." - John Butorac, Wolferman’s Linux at Wolferman’s Challenge Outdated business processes were unable to handle increasing number of online orders placed during holiday season Cost-effective, highly scalable solution Solution IBM eServer xSeries Integrated Platform for e-business IBM WebSphere Application Server IBM DB2 Universal Database SUSE LINUX Results Significant cost savings through lowered administrative costs 100% payback

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